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Science 10 > 3rd quarter > Flashcards

3rd quarter Flashcards

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1
Q

The three functions of the nervouse system (main concept)

A

Sensation
Integration
Response

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2
Q

Divisions of the CNS

A

Brain and Spinal Cord connects to the –> PNS

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3
Q

Divisions of the PNS

A

Nerves
Somatic Nervous system
Autonomic Nervous system

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4
Q

Divisions of the Autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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5
Q

nerve system that controls the voluntary movements

A

Somatic

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6
Q

nerve system that controls involuntary movements

A

Autonomic

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7
Q

nerve system that arouses the body to expand energy (fight or flight)

A

sympathetic

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8
Q

nerve system that calms the body to conserve energy

A

parasympathetic

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9
Q

main processing center of the body

A

CNS

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10
Q

The organizer and distributor of info

A

Brain

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11
Q

Three parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum (front)
cerebellum (back)
brainstem

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12
Q

functions of the Brainstem

A

involuntary movements (heart rate, breathing, digestion, swallowing)

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13
Q

functions of the Cerebrum

A

intelligence, learning, judgment
speech and memory
senses (hearing, vision, taste and smell)
skeletal muscle movement

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14
Q

functions of the Cerebrum

A

Balance and coordination

posture

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15
Q

channels signals between the brain and the rest of the body

A

Spinal cord

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16
Q

Nerve system that connects the organs to the limbs

A

PNS

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17
Q

command center of the body

A

Nervous system

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18
Q

the nervous system communicates by sending…

A

electrical impulses/signals

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19
Q

the endocrine system communicates by sending…

A

chemical messages in the blood (hormones)

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20
Q

nerve cells are also called

A

neurons

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21
Q

major component of the brain and spinal cord

A

neurons/nerve cells

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22
Q

neurons make up the nerves

A

yes

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23
Q

classification of neurons

A

Sensory
Interneuron
Motor

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24
Q

partes of a nerve cell

A

Dendrite
Cell body
Axon

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25
Q

parts of a cell body

A

nucleus,
Nissl bodies (production of proteins)
neurofibrils

26
Q

parts of an axon

A

Myelin sheath and Nodes

of Ranvier

27
Q

how does the transfer impulses between neurons work?

A

Axon –> Synapse –> Dendrite

axon terminal releases neurotransmitter - message jumps in the space between neurons - received by dendrite

28
Q

a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons (also known as nerve cells)

A

Neurotransmitter

29
Q

the body’s way of maintaining balance to prevent diseases despite constant external/internal changes

A

homeostasis

30
Q

compinents of homestasis

A

change
receptor
control center
effector

31
Q

Anything that requires
the cell to react
(stimulus).

A

change

32
Q

Detects the change and
alerts the proper control
center (brainstem)

A

receptor

33
Q

acts on the decision of the control center to counteract the change (organs)

A

effector

34
Q

when one substance goes up, another substance is released to counter the change

A

negative feedback loop

35
Q

inability to balance the internal environment which results to diseases

A

homeostatic imbalances

36
Q

examples of homeostatic imbalances

A

heart failure
anemia
pneumonia
athlete’s foot

37
Q

nervous system vs endocrine system

A

nervous: fast, impulses, localized
endocrine: slow, hormones, widespread

38
Q

Chemical messengers secreted directly
into the blood which affect growth
and development

A

hormones

39
Q

pituitary

A

base of the brain

oxytocin, vasopressin, LH, FSH (growth/other glands)

40
Q

thyroid

A

below voice box

thyroxin, calcitonin (metabolism)

41
Q

parathyroid

A

in the neck

parathormone (calcium bones)

42
Q

thymus

A

front of heart

thymosin (antibodies)

43
Q

adrenal

A

top of kidneys

adrenaline

44
Q

pancreas

A

between the kidneys

insulin

45
Q

reproductive

A

testes ovaries

androgen, testosterone
oestrogen and progesterone

46
Q

the “master gland”

A

pituitary gland

47
Q

hormonal imbalances

A

Dwarfism
Gigantism (acromegaly)
goiter (iodine deficiency)

48
Q

produces sperm cells

A

testes

49
Q

sac of skin which
regulates temperature and protects
the testes

A

scortum

50
Q

head of a sperm cell

A

stores genetic material

51
Q

neck of a sperm

A

provides energy

52
Q

tail

A

gives motility

53
Q

gonads which produce ovum (egg cell)

A

ovaries

54
Q

sweeps away ovum through tiny finger-like projections

A

fallopian tubes

55
Q

Female copulatory organ which

transfers the sperm

A

vagina

56
Q

what can hurt like childbirth?

A

broken bones, kidney stones, root canals

57
Q

takes 28 days

A

menstrual cycle

58
Q

first menstruation

A

menarche

59
Q

complete stop of menstruation

A

menopause

60
Q

the ovarian cycle

A

Pituitary gland increases production of FSH to make ovarian follicle mature
(secretion of estrogen).

LH and FSH are secreted, resulting to the mature ovum (ovulation).

On the 14th day of the menstrual cycle, egg will be possible for
fertilization within 24 hours.

Cells from the ruptured follicle will turn to corpus luteum.

Corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone.

61
Q

the uterine cycle

A

Estrogen and progesterone enable uterine lining to thicken to ready for
implantation.

If pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum stays from the 16th to 27th day .

After 12 days, estrogen and progesterone levels will decline, causing the
thick uterine lining to breakdown.

On the 28th day, the broken down uterine lining and blood will be
discharged (menstruation).

62
Q

OVARIAN –> MENSTRUAL –> UTERINE

A

yes

Science 10 (2 decks)

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