3rd May test.

Question 1

Key points_back ground

Answer 1

1- Consider functional assessment for the management of high-risk foot including Cognitive, Visual, ability to reach feet, Social history and ability to drive

Question 2

What is a high-risk foot

Answer 2

• foot with progressive deformity, ulceration, infection, and high chance of amputation

Question 3

High risk foot approach:

Answer 3

1- Identified
2- Assessed
3- Provide education
4-Treatment plan
5-Multi-D team

Question 5

Mind map of developing high-risk foot

Answer 5

According to picture
1- Hyper glycaemia –> Predisposing factor –> damage to vascular and nerve integrity
2- Micro angiopathy from hypertension in the capillary leading to oedema and increased risk of infection. Macro angiopathy from atherosclerosis leads to ischaemia and impaired immunity
3- Neuropathy has a different effect. Motor neuropathy leads to atrophy of intrinsic muscles and foot deformity. Sensory nerve leads to loss of sensation and increased risk of trauma injury and Autonomic neuropathy leads to dry skin

Question 6

Apart from diabetes what are other conditions cause neuropathy?

Answer 6

-CMT
-Frided reich ataxia
- Uremia
-Alcohol and drug use
- infectious disease ( HIV, GBS,
- Syphilis
-Exposure to toxic compounds
-Immuno suppression causes high risk foot ( Cancer treatment )

Question 7

What are two common arteries are blocked in PAD

Answer 7

Superficial femoral occlusive disease
Tibial artery disease

Question 8

What are the intrinsic and exterinsic factor of developing atherosclerosis?

Answer 8

• Hyperlipidaemia
• Smoking
  -Inflammatory diseases
  -End-stage renal disease
  -Raynauds disease
  -* Thrombophilia is a risk factor to increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism- Heridatory - Positive family history- Unexplained thrombotic episode

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Question 9

foot related conditions associated with ulcer formation in diabetes

Answer 9

-Callus –> pre ulcerative sign
-Bony deformity
- People with previous amputation have the highest risk of future amputation

Question 10

Diabetes without a foot ulcer but at risk of developing a foot ulcer?

Answer 10

• Identify the person at risk of foot ulcer
• Regularly inspect and examine the foo
  -Provide structured education
  -Encourage appropriate footwear
• Treat risk factors

Question 11

High-risk foot assessment less mentioned factors?

Answer 11

• Physical limitation
• Improper cut toenails technique
• Foot care knowledge