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Bio 160 Keywords > 3RD LE > Flashcards

3RD LE Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

evolution of two interacting species, each in response to selection pressure imposed by the other

A

coevolution

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2
Q

parasite that lives on the surface of another organism

A

ectoparasite

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3
Q

parasite that lives inside the body of its host organism

A

endoparasite

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4
Q

organism on or within which an herbivore, parasite, or mutualist lives and feeds

A

host

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5
Q

relatively large parasite species, such as arthropods and worms

A

macroparasite

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6
Q

parasite species too small to be seen with the naked eye, such as bacteria, protists, and fungi

A

microparasite

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7
Q

organism that lives in or on a host organism and feeds on its tissues or body fluids

A

parasite

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8
Q

insect that lays on or a few eggs on or in a host organism (itself usually an insect), which the resulting larvae remain with, eat, and almost always kill

A

parasitoid

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9
Q

parasite that causes disease

A

pathogen

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10
Q

organism that lives in or on an organism of another species, referred to as its host; a symbiont is the smaller member of a symbiosis

A

symbiont

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11
Q

minimum number of individuals susceptible to a disease that must be present in a population for the disease to become established and spread

A

threshold density

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12
Q

In a mutualism, an individual that increases its production of offspring by overexploiting its mutualistic partner

A

cheater

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13
Q

species interaction in which individuals of one species benefit while individuals of the other species do not benefit and are not harmed (+/0 relationship).

A

commensalism

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14
Q

mutualism in which one partner provides the other with shelter, a place to live, or favorable habitat

A

habitat mutualism

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15
Q

mutually beneficial interaction between individuals of two or more species (+/+ relationship)

A

mutualism

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16
Q

trophic or non-trophic species interaction in which one or both species benefit and neither is harmed

A

positive interaction

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17
Q

relationship in which two species live in close physical and/or physiological contact with each other

A

symbiosis

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18
Q

mutualism in which one or both of the mutualists receives energy or nutrients from its partner

A

trophic mutualism

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19
Q

diversity of important ecological entities that span multiple spatial scales, from genes to species to communities

A

biodiversity

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20
Q

group of interacting species that occur together at the same place and time

A

community

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21
Q

set of characteristics that shape a community, including the number, composition, and abundance of species

A

community structure

22
Q

interaction that occurs between two species, such as predation, competition, or a positive interaction

A

direct interaction

23
Q

species that influences its community by creating, modifying, or maintaining physical habitat for itself and other species

A

ecosystem engineer

24
Q

diagram showing the connections between organisms and the food they consume

A

food web

25
Q

species that has large, community-wide effects on the habitat or food of other species by virtue of its size or abundance

A

foundation species

26
Q

subset of a community that includes species that function in similar ways, but do not necessarily use the same resources

A

functional group

27
Q

subset of a community that includes species that use the same resources, whether or not they are taxonomically related

A

guild

28
Q

non-trophic interactions, such as competition and some positive interactions, that occur within a trophic level

A

horizontal interactions

29
Q

interaction in which the relationship between two species is mediated by a third (or more) species

A

indirect interaction

30
Q

measure of the effect on one species (the interactor) on the abundance of another species (the target species)

A

interaction strength

31
Q

concept that describes both the trophic (vertical) and non-trophic (horizontal) interactions among the species in a traditional food web

A

interaction web

32
Q

strong interactor species that has an effect on energy flow and community structure that is disproportionate to its small size, abundance, or biomass

A

keystone species

33
Q

graph that plots the proportional abundance of each species in a community relative to the others in rank order, from most abundant to least abundant

A

rank abundance curve

34
Q

having the same function in a community as other species in that community within a larger functional group

A

redundant species

35
Q

index most commonly used to describe species diversity quantitatively

A

shannon index

36
Q

graph that plots species richness as a function of the total number of individuals that are present with each additional sample

A

species accumulation curve

37
Q

identity of the species present in a community

A

species composition

38
Q

measure that combines the number of species (species richness) in a community and their relative abundances compared with one another (species evenness)

A

species diversity

39
Q

relative abundances of different species compared to one another in a community

A

species evenness

40
Q

number of species in a community

A

species richness

41
Q

change in the rate of consumption at one trophic level that results in a series of changes in species abundance or composition at lower trophic levels

A

trophic cascade

42
Q

interaction in which a consumer is directly facilitated by a positive interaction between its prey or food plant and another species

A

trophic facilitation

43
Q

group of species that obtain energy in similar ways, classified by the number of feeding steps by which the group is removed from primary producers, which are the first trophic level

A

trophic level

44
Q

different community development scenarios, or community states, that are possible at the same location under similar environmental conditions

A

alternative stable states

45
Q

last stage of succession that is thought to be stable until disturbances or stresses shift the community back to earlier successional stages

A

climax stage

46
Q

abiotic event that kills or damages some individuals and thereby creates opportunities for other individuals to grow and reproduce

A

disturbance

47
Q

inability of a community that has undergone change to shift back to the original community type, even when the original conditions are restored

A

hysteresis

48
Q

first stage of primary succession

A

pioneer stage

49
Q

succession that involves the colonization of habitats devoid of life

A

primary succession

50
Q

succession that involves the reestablishment of a community in which some, but not all, of the organisms have been destroyed

A

secondary succession

51
Q

when a community retains, or returns to, its original structure and function after some perturbation

A

stability

52
Q

process of change in the species composition of a community over time as a result of abiotic and biotic agents of change

A

succession

Bio 160 Keywords (1 decks)

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