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MTAP 2 - HEMATOLOGY > 3RD HEMA - Part 5 > Flashcards

3RD HEMA - Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Anchors the plasma membrane.

A

Actins

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2
Q

Formed by: Actins

A

MICROFILAMENTS

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3
Q

○ Also present throughout the
platelet cytoplasm
○ Globular and amorphous (in
resting platelets)

A

MICROFILAMENTS (Actins)

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4
Q

○ As cytoplasmic calcium concentration increases → actin becomes filamentous and contractile

A

MICROFILAMENTS (Actins)

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4
Q

What protein makes the microtubules?

A

Tubulin

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5
Q

Location of the Microfilaments

A

Between the microtubules and the membrane

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6
Q

Cytoplasm: Also contains intermediate filaments

A

(Desmin and Vimentin)

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7
Q

Which connects with the actin and the tubules → maintaining the platelet shape.

A

Desmin and Vimentin

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8
Q

Flow through the SCCS

A

ALPHA GRANULES & LYSOSOMES

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9
Q

Travel to the plasma membrane

A

DENSE GRANULES

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10
Q

50-80 granules per platelet
○ Most abundant of the 3 different kinds

A

ALPHA GRANULES

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11
Q

● Most of the a-granule contents are proteins that participate in
secondary hemostasis (coagulation)

A

ALPHA GRANULES

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12
Q

As the platelets becomes
activated

A

Alpha granule membrane fuse
with SCCS
○ Surface connected canalicular system (SCCS)

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13
Q

● Stain medium-gray (Osmium dye transmission electron microscopy preparations)

A

ALPHA GRANULES

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14
Q

In the nearby environment, the contents of the a-granule:

A

● Participate in platelet adhesion
● Participate in platelet aggregation
● Support plasma coagulation

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15
Q

Alpha Granules

Contain coagulation factors

A

● Fibrinogen
● vWF
● HMWK

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15
Q

α-granules (but not in the
cytoplasm)

A

● HMWK
● PAI-1 (plasminogen activator
inhibitor-1)
● Plasminogen
● Protein C inhibitor

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16
Q

α-granules (but not in the
cytoplasm)

Inhibits heparin:

A

● β-thromboglobulin
● PF-4 (platelet factor-4)

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16
Q

α-granules (but not in the cytoplasm)

Supports mitosis of vascular fibroblast and smooth muscle cells

A

● EGF (endothelial growth factor)
● PDGF (platelet-derived growth
factor)
● TGF-β (transforming growth
factor-β)

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17
Q

α-granules and platelet
cytoplasm

A

● Fibrinogen
● Fibronectin
● Albumin
● Immunoglobulins
● VWF
● Thrombospondin
● Factor V (F5)

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18
Q

α-granule membrane

A

● P-selectin

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19
Q

α-granule membrane and
plasma membrane

A

● GP IIb/IIIa (2b/3a)
● GP IV (4)
● GP Ib/IX/V (1b/9/5)

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20
Q

Which of the following platelet granules contain coagulation factors?

A. Alpha granules
B. Dense granules
C. Lysosomes
D. None of the Above

A

A. Alpha granules

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21
Q

● They migrate to the plasma membrane and release their contents directly into the plasma
upon platelet activation

A

DENSE GRANULES/ DELTA GRANULES

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21
Q

A.k.a DELTA GRANULES

A

DENSE GRANULES/ DELTA GRANULES

22
Q

● 2-7 dense granules per platelet
● Stain black (opaque) when treated with osmium in transmission electron microscopy

A

DENSE GRANULES/ DELTA GRANULES

23
Q

● Vasoconstrictors
● Platelet agonists that intensify
primary hemostasis

A

DENSE GRANULES/ DELTA GRANULES

24
Q

A substance that initiates a response when combined with a receptor

A

AGONIST

25
Q

“MP-CHASE” mnemonics

A

● Magnesium
● Phosphate
● Calcium
● Histamine
● Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
● Serotonin/ 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
● Epinephrine/ Adrenaline

26
Q

All of the following are found in the dense granules EXCEPT:

a. Epinephrine
b. Fibrinogen
c. Serotonin
d. Magnesium

A

b. Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen is found in the alpha granules NOT dense granules. Dense granules contain the MP-CHASE.

27
Q

All of the following are found in the alpha granules EXCEPT:

a. Platelet Factor 4
b. PDGF
c. Fibrinogen
d. Adrenaline/ Epinephrine

A

d. Adrenaline/ Epinephrine

28
Q

Supports neighboring platelet
aggregation by binding to P2Y1
and P2Y12.

A

ADP

28
Q

Function is unknown, but ATP
release is detectable upon platelet activation.

A

ATP

29
Q

Action: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

● The alpha-granule membrane fuses with the SCCS.
● Participate in platelet adhesion and aggregation and support plasma coagulation.

A

Alpha Granules

29
Q

Vasoconstrictors that bind/ endothelial cells and platelet
membranes

A

Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)

29
Q

Divalent cations support platelet
activation and coagulation.

A

Calcium and Magnesium (Ca2+ and Mg2+)

30
Q

Granules: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

● 50–80 granules in each platelet

A

Alpha Granules

31
Q

Granules: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

● 2–7 dense granules per platelet

A

Dense/Delta Granules

32
Q

Stain: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

Black (opaque) when treated with
osmium in transmission electron
microscopy

A

Dense/Delta Granules

32
Q

Stain: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

Medium-gray (Osmium-dye
transmission electron microscopy
preparations)

A

Alpha Granules

33
Q

Proteins and components present: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

● β-thromboglobulin
● PF-4 (platelet factor-4)
● HMWK
● PAI-1
(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1).
● Plasminogen
● Protein C inhibitor
● EGF (endothelial growth factor)
● PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)
● TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)
● Fibrinogen
● Fibronectin
● Albumin
● Immunoglobulins
● VWF
● Thrombospondin
● Factor V (F5)
● P-selectin
● GP IIb/IIIa (2b/3a)
● GP IV (4)
● GP Ib/IX/V (1b/9/5)

A

Alpha Granules

34
Q

Hemostasis: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

Secondary hemostasis

A

Alpha Granules

34
Q

Action: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

Migrate to the plasma membrane and release their contents directly into the plasma upon platelet activation.

A

Dense/Delta Granules

35
Q

Hemostasis: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

Primary hemostasis

A

Dense/Delta Granules

36
Q

● Few in number
● Stain positive for arylsulfatase, B-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and catalase

A

LYSOSOMES

37
Q

Proteins and components present: Alpha Granules or Dense/Delta Granules

2–7 dense granules per platelet

A

Dense/Delta Granules

38
Q

● ____________’ contents flow through the SCCS.
● __________ probably digest vessel wall matrix components during in vivo aggregation and may also digest autophagic debris

A

LYSOSOMES

38
Q

● Glycocalyx is less developed in the _____ and lacks some of the glycoprotein receptors present on the platelet surface

A

SURFACE-CONNECTED CANALICULAR SYSTEM
(SCCS)

39
Q

● The plasma membrane invades the platelet interior, producing _____.

A

SURFACE-CONNECTED CANALICULAR SYSTEM
(SCCS)

40
Q

SCCS is the route for:

A
  • Endocytosis
  • Secretion of a-granule contents
  • Secretion of lysosome contents
41
Q

● These enzymes include:

  • Support the eicosanoid synthesis pathway that produces thromboxane A2

(3)

A

■ Phospholipase A2
■ Cyclooxygenase
■ Thromboxane synthetase

41
Q

“Control center” for platelet activation

A

DENSE TUBULAR SYSTEM (DTS)

42
Q

● Parallel and closely aligned to the SCCS
● A condensed remnant of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

DENSE TUBULAR SYSTEM (DTS)

43
Q

● Sequesters calcium and bears a series of enzymes that support platelet activation.

A

DENSE TUBULAR SYSTEM (DTS)

44
Q
  • Supports the production of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)

(1)

A

■ Phospholipase C

45
Q

Brand name from Bayer Company

A

ASPIRIN

46
Q

Also known as: acetylsalicylic acid

A

ASPIRIN

47
Q

● Most frequently used antiplatelet therapy or drug
● Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

A

ASPIRIN

48
Q

Parts of platelets that can be found using the light microscope:

A

● Chromomere and Hyalomere
● For smaller structures, use an electron microscope.
● To see the ultrastructure of the platelet
○ Molecular sequencing
○ Flow cytometry

49
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q

For smaller structures,

A

use an electron microscope.

MTAP 2 - HEMATOLOGY (5 decks)

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