3R's Flashcards
What are the 3R’s in animal research
Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
What is the aim of the NC3Rs
To promote development and adoption of 3Rs methods in research and testing, reducing reliance on animals
What does replacement mean
Using method that avoid or replace the use protected animals in experiments
Give 3 examples of replacement methods
Human tissue/cells
Computer models
Invertebrates
What is reduction
Minimising number of animals used by obtaining more dater per animal or using fewer animals without compromising results
What are 2 ways for reduction in experiment
Using imaging for longitudinal studies
Applying improved statistical designs
What does refinement mean
Minimising pain, distress or lasting harm to animals at all stages of use
List 2 refinement methods
Non-invasive techniques
Improved housing/husbnadry
How does the Grimace Scale support refinement
Allows researchers to assess and manage post-operative pain by observing facial expression
What factors are considered in refinement with industry wide impact
Handling, restraint methods, staff training, positive reinforcement
What ethical principle must guide the use of animals under UK law
Harm-benefit analysis
Why is appropriate housing and husbandry important
Reduces stress and support natural behaviours, aligning with refinement goals
How is reduction different from simply using fewer animals
Reduction ensures statistical significance is still achieved
