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1
Q

is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

A

HEALTH BY WHO (1948)

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2
Q

conceptualized health as the ability to
maintain normal roles.

A

Talbots Parsons (1951)

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3
Q

defined health as a
dynamic state of being in which developmental and behavioral
potential of an individual is realized to the fullest extent possible.

A

AMERICAN NURSE ASSOCIATION (ANA

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4
Q

suggest that for many people, conditions
of life rather than pathological states are what define health.

A

Lender Et Al. (2006)

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5
Q

2 Health Behaviors

A
  1. Negative health behavior
  2. Positive Health Behavior
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6
Q

are activities related to maintaining,
attaining or regaining good health and preventing illness.

A

Positive health behaviors

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7
Q
  • are practices actually or potentially
    harmful to one’s health.
A

Negative health behaviors

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8
Q

Sleeping early for 8hrs-10hrs,
immunization to protect the body from diseases,
eating fruits and vegetables.

A

POSITIVE

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9
Q

smoking and drinking alcohol,
taking harmful or prohibited drugs, consuming
unhealthy foods

A

NEGATIVE

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10
Q

is the inability of an individual’s adaptive responses to maintain
physical and emotional balance that subsequently results in an
impairment of functional abilities.

A

ILLNESS

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11
Q

• involves ways an individual describes, monitors, and interprets
the symptoms, take remedial actions and use health care
systems.

A

ILLNESS BEHAVIOR

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12
Q

In other words, it is how people react, manage and perceive to be
ill

A

ILNESS BEHAVIOR

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13
Q

• is the quality or state of being in good health especially as an
actively sought goal.

A

WELLNESS

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14
Q

is the ability to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of
specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

A

IMMUNITY

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15
Q

o characterized by severe symptoms of relatively
short period of time, usually reversible

A

ACUTE

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16
Q

appear abruptly and subsides quickly
o fever, cough, colds, diarrhea etc.

A

ACUTE

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17
Q

gradual, that lasts a long time, irreversible
o usually, 6 months or longer
o cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, arthritis

A

CHRONIC

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18
Q

Stages of illness

A

According to Suchman 1979
Stages
1: symptom experience
2: assumption of the sick role
3. Medical Care Contact
4: Dependent client role
5: Recovery of Rehabilitation

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19
Q

The person is aware that something is wrong
• Recognizing one or more symptoms such as fever, rashes,
pain etc.

A

Stage 1: Symptoms experience

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20
Q

• If symptoms persist and become sever, the person assume the
sick role
• Sick people seek validation from family and social group.

A

Stage 2: Assumption of the sick role

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21
Q

The sick person seeks out health care provider for diagnosis
and treatment.
• May give up independence.

A

Stage 3: Medical Care Contact

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22
Q

The client depends on the health care professions for the relief
of symptoms.
• Requires assistance in carrying out the activities of daily living;
needs emotional support.

A

Stage 4: Depended of client role

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23
Q

The client may return to health at a higher level of functioning,
• Resumes normal activities and responsibilities.

A

Stage 5: recovery or rehabilitation

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24
Q

3 Factors of the impact of illness to the client and the family

A

Member who is ill
Seriousness and level of illness
Cultural and social customs of the family

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25
o Behavioral and emotional changes o Changes in self-concept and body image o Lifestyle changes
On Client
26
o Role changes o Task reassignments and extra demands on time o Increased stress and conflict o Financial problems o Loneliness o Change on social customs
On Family
27
Six links in the chain of infection
1. Susceptible host 2. Portal of entry 3. Mode of transmission 4. Pathogen 5. Reservoir 6. Portal of exit
28
4 Susceptible Host
Elderly Infants Immunocompromised ANYONE
29
4 portal of entry
Mouth Nose Eyes Cult in skin
30
3 more of transmission
Indirect contact Direct contact Vectors
31
4 Pathogens
Bacteria Virus Fungi Parasite
32
5 reservoir
People Soil Water Food Animals
33
Portal of exit
Feces Sneezing/ Coughing Bodily secretions
34
Break or distrust the chain at any link in a healthcare settings
• Rapid an accurate diagnosis of an infectious disease • Prompt treatment of infected clients • Safe disposal of waste • Sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment • Implementation of an environmental decontamination strategy
35
LEVELS OF PREVENTIVE CARE
Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention
36
o occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible. o involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration.
Tertiary prevention
37
o occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible. o involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration.
Tertiary prevention
38
A prevention to seeks to prevent a disease or condition o applied to clients considered physically and emotionally healthy.
Primary prevention
39
What prevention. focuses on individuals experiencing health problems or illnesses and are risk for developing complications or worsening conditions.
Secondary prevention
40
Under primary prevention
Health promotion Specific protection
41
Under primary prevention
Health promotion Specific protection
42
o Health education programs o Immunizations o Nutritional programs o Physical fitness activities
Health promotion
43
o Immunization for influenza o Hearing protection in occupational settings o Use of seatbelts and bike helmets o Control on the use of hazardous products
Specific protection
44
Under secondary prevention
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment Disability limitations
45
Under tertiary prevention
Restoration and rehabilitation
46
OLOF stands for?
Optimum level of functioning
47
o Provision of hospital & community facilities for retraining and education to maximize use of remaining capacities. (Use of wheelchair and perform ADLs independently for a stroke victim o The goal of returning inidividualk to OLOF (Optimum Level of Functioning)
Restoration and rehabilitation
48
Under tertiary prevention
Active Passive (acquired)
49
Antibodies are produced by the body in response to an antigen.
Active
50
Antigen are administered to stimulate antibody production (vaccines/toxoids)
Active (artificial)
51
Antibodies are formed in the presence of active infection in the body.
Active (natural)
52
Antibodies are transferred naturally from an immune mother to her baby through the placenta or in the colostrum (milk).
Passive (natural)
53
Immune serum antibody from an animal or another human is injected
Passive (artificial)
54
Antibodies are produced by another source animal or human.
Passive
55
wellness is an integrated method of functioning which is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable.
Dunn’s high level of wellness grid
56
Peak wellness Not favorable environment
Emergent high level wellness
57
Death Not favorable environment
Poor health
58
To Death Very Favorable environment
Protected poor health
59
Very favorable environment Peak wellness
High level wellness
60
a graphical illustration of well – being concept first proposed by Travis. It proposes the well – being includes mental and emotional health, as well as the presence or absence of illness.
Travis’ illness - wellness continuum
61
High level wellness by Travis
Awareness Education Growth
62
a physiological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors.
Health belief model
63
human needs ranked on an ascending scale according to how essential the needs are: Physiological Needs, Safety and Security, Love and Belongingness, Self Esteem, and Self-Actualization.
Maskow’s Hierarchy of need
64
Ascending order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological Safety Love/belonging Esteem Self actualization
65
o each factor constantly interacts with the others o when in balance, health is maintained o when not in balance, disease occurs o used primarily in predicting illness rather than promoting wellness. o model is composed of three dynamic, interactive elements.
Agent- Host environmental model
66
External or internal factor or stressor that by its presence or absence
Agent
67
Person who may be at risk at acquiring diseases
Host
68
External factors that make illness more or less likely
Environment
69
Climate, living conditions, sound high level, and economic level
Physical environment
70
Interactions with others and life events such as death of spouse. Stress, or conflicts
Social environment
71
people are viewed as physiological systems with related functions. Health is identified by the absence of signs & symptoms of disease or injury.
Clinical model
72
health is a creative process; disease is a failure in adaptation. Aim of treatment is to restore ability of a person to adapt and cope. Extreme good health is flexible adaptation to the environment and interaction with environment to maximum advantage. Focus is stability along with growth and change
Adaptive model
73
health is the ability to do societal roles. People are considered healthy if they can fulfill their roles even if they have clinical illness. Sickness in this model is the inability to perform one’s work role.
Role performance model
74
considers emotional, spiritual, and other dimensions to be important aspects of physical wellness. This model attempt to create conditions that promote a patient’s optimal level of health. Using the nursing process, nurses consider patients to be the ultimate experts concerning their own health and respect patient’s subjective experience.
Holistic health model
75
9 models of health and wellness
1. Dunn’s high level wellness grid 2. Travis’ illness-wellness continuum 3. Health belief model 4. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 5. Clinical model 6. Adaptive model 7. Agent- host environmental model 8. Role performance model 9. Holistic health model
76
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS, BELIEFS & PRACTICES
Internal and external variables
77
Under internal variables
o Biologic Dimension – genetic make – up, sex, age, and developmental level o Psychological Dimension – mind-body interactions and self-concept o Cognitive Dimension – lifestyle choices, spiritual and religious beliefs.
78
Under external variables
o Physical Environment o Standards of living o Family and Cultural Beliefs o Social Support Networks

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