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PID > 3Distinguishing Features > Flashcards

3Distinguishing Features Flashcards

1
Q

tinea versicolor (pityriasis)

A

Malasseziea furur
superficial fungus
Nonpruritic maculae on trunk/proximal
“bubbles and sticks”

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2
Q

tinea nigra

A

Hortae werneckii
superficial fungus
brown maculae on palms/soles
“cooked wheat”

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3
Q

black piedra

A

Pedraia hortae
superficial fungus
hard, black nodules on hair

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4
Q

white piedra

A

Trichosporon
superficial fungus
soft, white nodules on hair

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5
Q

tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)

A

Trichophyton rubrum

anthropophilic dermatophyte; cutaneous fungus

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6
Q

tinea ______; ringworm

skin fungal infections - geophilic

A

Microsporum gypseum

geophilic dermatophyte; cutaneous fungus

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7
Q

tinea ______; ringworm

skin fungal infections - zoophilic

A 
Microsporum canis (cat/dog)
Microsporum nanum (pigs)
Trichophyton verrucosum (horse/pigs)
zoophilic dermatophyte; cutaneous fungus
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8
Q

favus tinea capitis

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii
cutaneous fungus
very bad scalp infection

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9
Q

sporotrichosis

A 
Sprothrix schenkii
subcutaneous fungus
lymphocutaneous lesions
gardeners
"cigar shaped" and "rosettes"
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10
Q

chromoblastomycosis

A

Fonsecaea, Phalophora, Cladophialophora
subcutaneous fungus
sclerotic body, cauliflower lesions
“fission lines”

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11
Q

phaeohyphomycosis

A

Lots; Cladophialophora bantiana
subcutaneous fungus
cysts; brain lesions (rare)

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12
Q

(Eu)mycetoma

A

Lots of fungi and actinomycetes
subcutaneous fungus
abscesses with granules (colonies); Madura foot

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13
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

Coccidiodes immitis and C. posadasii
dimorphic systemic fungus
pulmonary; lung lesions
“spherules with endospores”

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14
Q

histoplasmosis

A

Hisoplasma capsulatum capsulatum
dimorpic systemic fungus
pulmonary; cavitary fibrosing mediastinitis

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15
Q

African histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum duboisii
dimorphic systemic fungus
skin/bone infections; giant cells

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16
Q

blastomycosis

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis
dimorphic systemic fungus
pulmonary; cutaneous; dissem in immunocomp.
“broad-based budding blasto”

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17
Q

paracoccidioidomycosis

“South American blasto”

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
dimorphic systemic fungus
lung, disseminated, mucocutaneous lesions
“pilot’s wheel”

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18
Q

penicilliosis marneffi

A

Penicillium marnefei
dimorphic systemic fungus
skin lesions, lymphadenopathy
HIV+ in SE Asia

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19
Q

cryptococcosis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans grubbi, C. neoformans neoformans, C. gattii
yeast systemic fungus
pulmonary, meningitis, dissem.
“capsule halo”

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20
Q

candidiasis

hepatosplenic candidiasis

A

Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C, krusei
opportunistic fungus
thrush, mucosal infections
biofilms on catheters & central lines; bone marrow transplants
“pseudohyphae”

21
Q 
aspergillosis
allergic aspergillosis
aspergilloma "fungus ball"
semi-invasive
invasive
A

Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flabus, A. niger
opportunistic fungus
pulmonary; dissem.; solid organ transplants
“45 degree branching”

22
Q

zygomycosis

A

Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor
opportunistic fungus
rhinocerebral; pulmonary
“ribbon-like”

23
Q

pneumocystosis

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. carinii)
opportunistic fungus
ground glass pneumonia, dissem.
AIDs patients

24
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A 
Intestinal round worm - nematode; pinworms
Pointed ends
Eggs eaten/breathed, hatch in small intestine, larvae to large intestine, mature/mate
Butt scratching (type I)
25
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Intestinal round worm - nematode
earthworm-like, elliptical eggs
Eggs eaten, hatch in small intestine, larvae invade lymphatics and portal blood, break capillaries in lungs, coughed and swallowed, mature in small intestine, lay eggs which mature in soil
pneumonia (Loeffler’s syndrome; Type I), obstruction

26
Q

Trichuris trichiura

A

Intestinal round worm - nematode; whipworm
whip-like, bipolar eggs
Eggs eaten, hatch in small intestine, larvae damage and move to large, mature and damage, lay eggs which mature in soil
bleeding (anemia), diarrhea, rectal prolapse, secondary bacterial infections

27
Q

Ancylostoma deudenale

Necator americanus

A

Intestinal round worm - nematode; hookworms
hook-like
Larvae in soil penetrate skin as Dew Itch; lungs (Loeffler’s syndrome), coughed and swallowed, mature in small intestine, lay eggs
pneumonitis, hepatosplenomegaly, suck blood (anemia), diarrhea

28
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Intestinal round worm - nematode
Larvae in soil penetrate skin; lungs (Loeffler’s syndrome), coughed and swallowed, mature in small intestine, lay eggs which can mature in people and re-infect (red snake-like skin infection)
pneumonitis, malabsorption

29
Q

larva migrans

A

Tissue round worm - nematode
Toxocara canis: eggs from dogs; allergic and granulomas
Ancylostoma brazilense: hookworms of cats/dogs; enter humans but cannot develop; Migrate unders skin until they die; Type I and IV

30
Q

Trichinosis

A

Trichinella spiralis
Tissue round worm - nematode
Animals ingest encysted larvae, adults in large intestine, mate and release larvae, penetrate tissues, encyst in striated muscle; humans eat undercooked meat with encysted larvae
muscle weakness, granulomas, Type I

31
Q

Wucheria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

A

Filaria - tissue nematode
Mosquito transmits larvae, mature and release microfilaria in blood, reinfect mosquitos
elephantiasis (lymphatic obstruction), filarial fever; Type IV

32
Q

Loa loa

A

Filaria - tissue nematode; eye worm
Deer fly transmits larvae, mature and release microfilaria in blood, reinfect deer fly
Calabar swellings (Type I), eye infections

33
Q

Onchocera volvulus

A

Filaria - tissue nematode
Black fly/buffalo gnat transmits larvae, mature and release microfilaria in blood, reinfect vector
River blindness, nodules

34
Q

Dracunculus medinensis

A

Filaria - tissue nematode; guinea worm
Drink water with infected Cyclops, subQ adults, release larvae through ulcer with water contact
Ulcer with Type I, tetanus if worm dies in tissue

35
Q

Cestodes

A

Tissue nematode; tapeworm
Taenia solium (pork)
Taenia saginata (beef)
Echinococcus (dogs)
Tissue cysts eaten, intestinal adults attach and release proglottids
weight loss, cysticercosis (encysted larvae), hydatid cysts (large, CNS)

36
Q

Schistosomes

A

Trematodes (blood flukes)
Schistosoma mansoni - lateral spines on eggs; intestinal
Schistosoma japonicum - small lateral spines; intestinal
Schistosoma haematobium - terminal spine; urinary
Miracidia (larvae) infect snails, develop into circariae (tails), invade human skin, lose tails to become metacercariea/schistosomula, acquire human coat in lungs (Type I), migrate to liver (Type III), migrate to intestine/urinary, release eggs and cause granulomas (Type IV)

37
Q

Schistomosiasis

A

Acute - Katayama fever; malaise, fever, abd. pain, CNS effects (Type III)
Chronic - granulomas in liver, portal hypertension, intestinal bleeding (anemia) or blood in urine
Swimmer’s Itch - larvae can’t develop, cause rash and hives until they die (Type I)

38
Q

Scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabiei (mite)
Sexually transmitted and then transferred
Rashes (Type I)

39
Q

Lice

A

Mite

40
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Protozoa - apica complexa (nonmotile)
Eat oocysts, develop bradyzoites and tachyzoites (cross placenta)
Immunocomp. get CNS, lymphadenitis, pneumonitis, myocarditis
1st trimester is severe, 3rd trimester less so - abortion, stillbirth, CNS abnormalities

41
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Protozoa - apica complexa (nonmotile)
Eat, attach to intestinal epithelial cells
Diarrhea (intractable in AIDS)

42
Q

Isospora belli

A

Protozoa - apica complexa (nonmotile)
Enters epithelial cells
Diarrhea

43
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Protozoa - mastigophora (flagellated)
Drink cysts, unencyst in stomach, attaches to epithelium in upper small intestine
Steatorrhea, cramps, weight loss

44
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Protozoa - mastigophora (flagellated)
STD trophozoite; male carriers
Vaginal discharge, dysuria

45
Q

Leishmania

A

Protozoa - mastigophora (flagellated)
Polar flagella
Sandfly bite, promastigote phagocytized by macrophage, turns into amastigote, multiply and infect, reinfect sandfly
cutaneous = L. tropica, L. braziliensis; ulcerating papules, permanent scars
visceral = L donovani; 2x daily fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
mucosal = L. braziliensis; mucocutaneous lesions

46
Q

African sleeping sickness

Trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma brucei
Protozoa - mastigophora (flagellated)
Tse tse fly bite
Primary lesion, weekly fevers, lymphadenopathy, decreased consciousness

47
Q

Chaga’s disease

Trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi
Protozoa - mastigophora (flagellated)
Assassin bugs
Chagoma lesion, conjunctivitis, megaesophagus, megacolon

48
Q

Malaria

Plasmodium

A

Protozoa - apica complexa (nonmotile)
Anopheles/culex mosquito gives sporozites, divide in liver cells, asexual reprod. leads to merozoites, infect RBCs, create gametocytes, reinfect mosquitos, sexual reprod. leads to sporozoites
Plasmodium falciparum = most severe, malignant tertian, infects all RBCsanemia, encephalitis, DIC, shock, death
Plasmodium vivax and ovale = benign tertian, infects reticulocytes, recurrent malaria
Plasmodium malariae = benign quartan, infects old RBCs

49
Q

Amebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Protozoa - sarcodina (pseudopodia)
Eat cysts, invades large intestine
Intestinal ulcers, bleeding, diarrhea

PID (5 decks)

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