3D cell culture

Question 1

What happends when a patient has Congential nephronic syndrome

Answer 1

There is a mutation (on both allele) on the protein retention ER on podocytes. This leads to a more leaky podocyte and interferes in filtering blood to the kidney

Question 2

Name crucial symptoms of Congential nephronic syndrome

Answer 2

Patient will end up with low proteins in blood since the kidney cannot filter the blood. Especially low concentration of Albumin what helps with bloodflow. This will lead to Edema. Also, the patient will have proteinurine (a lot of proteins in the urine)

Question 3

What are the difference between an Organ on a chip and an Organ on a dish (Organoid)

Answer 3

With organ on a chip, you don’t actually have an organ on a chip. It’s nothing more than a chip with 2 different cell types, but you can induce flow in the chip and add compounds. With organoids, you have a self organized 3D tissue culture that are derived from stem cells.

Organ chips can be used if we want to be in control. With organoids, we push them a bit but then the cells regulates everything and build systems where we do not have any influence on. Organoids also have more cell types

Question 4

Name the strengths and weaknesses of ESC

Answer 4

Strengths:
- Pluripotent (3 germ layer)
- Self renewal and high replicaive capacity

Weaknesses:
- Immunological concerns
- Subject to ethical debate
- Potential for teratoma or teratocarcinoma
- Currently no clinical trial data

Question 5

Name the strengths and weaknesses of ASC

Answer 5

Strengths:
- Autologous
- Clinical safety and efficacy data
- Typically lineage committed

Weaknesses:
- Limited number
- Limited replicative capacity
- Lineage restricted
- Unipotent/Mulitpotent

Question 6

Name the strengths and weaknesses of iPSC

Answer 6

Strengths:
- Totipotent (3 germ layer)
- Autologous
- Large reservoir of cells

Weaknesses:
- Potential for teratoma or teratocarcinoma
- No clinical data

Question 7

What is Autologous

Answer 7

SC’s are taken from patients which means they will have the characteristics from the patient (for ex. same mutation)

Question 8

What is the difference between an ASC organoid and iPSC organoid?

Answer 8

ASC organoids are usually simple due to cell differentiation limitations whereas iPSC organoids are more in detail

Question 9

Name an organoid limitation

Answer 9

There is no development of the vascular system, so the cell types what are developed doesn’t function that well compared to normal cells