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Phys 314 Physics 3 > 3D/4D Views > Flashcards

3D/4D Views Flashcards

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1
Q

What is 3D/4D imaging in terms of imaging?

A

A series of 2D slices processed into a 3D volume (VOXEL)

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2
Q

What is another name for 3D/4D imaging?

A

Volume imaging

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3
Q

What is a voxel?

A

A series of parallel 2D slices processed into a 3D volume

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4
Q

What can be done with VOXEL?

A

Voxel volume can be sliced into different planes, some which are impossible with conventional 2D techniques

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5
Q

In terms of VOXELs, the series of 2D scans are housed where?

A

Housed in the systems memories and are post processed for the described information

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6
Q

3D imaging in real time is called what?

A

4D

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7
Q

How are 3D/4D imaging acquired?

A

Acquired with 1D probes and a manual sweep but this method requires practice and patience

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8
Q

In terms of getting 3D/4D images, motorized transducers allow the operator to do what?

A

“Hold still” while the 2D scan is swept to obtain the set angle of images from the region of interest

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9
Q

Newer 3D/4D technology allows for what?

A

Matrix tranducer

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10
Q

What is the alignment of crystals like for a matrix tranducer? What does this allow us to do?

A
  1. Checker board
  2. This allows for two perpendicular planes to be swept and displayed simultaneously
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11
Q

What display types are available with 3D imaging? 5

A
  1. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)
  2. Multi slice
  3. Surface rendering
  4. Maximum intensity projection (MIP)
  5. Biplane
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12
Q

Each display type provides what kind of information?

A

Different information that can be used for diagnosis or analysis

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13
Q

What is multiplanar reconstitution (MPR)?

A

This display type shows three plans (tomograms) of acquired data simultaneously

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14
Q

What are the three planes of MPR?

A

A, B, and C

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15
Q

What is the A plane?

A

Acquisition plane (Sag, Trans, Etc.)

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16
Q

What is the B plane?

A

90 degrees to the A plane vertically

17
Q

What is the C plane?

A

Coronal plane

18
Q

MPR planes are synonymous with what?

A

The X,Y, and Z planes but they may not correlate directly depending on how the image was acquired

19
Q

Which plane has the highest resolution? Followed by what?

A
  1. A plane has the highest resolution
  2. B then C planes respectively
20
Q

Label the planes

A
21
Q

In Multislice or tomographic display mode, what can the operator do?

A

Can view several adjacent slices of anatomy all referenced to a single image

22
Q

In terms of multislice or tomographic, the operator can set what?

A

The number of lines and the space between them

23
Q

Which controls are still available for image manipulation for multislice or tomographic?

A

X, y, and Z

24
Q

Multislice or tomographic approaches can align what?

A

Protocols similar to CT and MR imaging

25
Q

What does this image demonstrate?

A

Multislice or tomographic

26
Q

There are several different redoing modes available to sonographers, what are some examples? 3

A
  1. Maximum
  2. Skeletal
  3. X-ray rendering eliminates the weakened echoes, focusing on the bringer reflectors from bone
27
Q

Minimum and inversion modes focus more on what?

A

The weariers echoes and can be used to highlight the fluid structure

28
Q

What is the most. Recognized type of rendering mode in sonography, popular for 3D/ 4D images of the fetus?

A

Surface rendering

29
Q

Surface rending mode shows what?

A

The superficial echoes, ignoring the underling anatomy

30
Q

In terms of surface rendering, algorithms for shading and contour can do what?

A

Be applied to give the perception of depth

31
Q

Other controls for surface rendering allows for what? (Besides shading and contour)

A

Smoothing, adding texture and gradient light

32
Q

Gradient light gives the appearance that there is what?

A

An external light source illuminating the tissue

33
Q

What does Maximum intensity projection (MIP) do?

A

This display modes works by taking the “thick” slices of anatomy and collapsing it down to overlay echoes of highest intensity

34
Q

What does MIP help create?

A

A volume appearance and can make the viewing of information easier to see

35
Q

In terms of MIP, different slice thickness and sweeping can be used to obtained what?

A

Desired information

36
Q

Biplane imaging allows the sonographer to view what?

A

Anatomy in a short and long axis simultaneously

37
Q

What is biplane imaging useful for?

A

Many applications, especially with intervention

38
Q

With the biplane probe, biplane imaging can be used in conjunction with 3D/4D to do what?

A

Increase efficiency in assessment and scan time

Phys 314 Physics 3 (11 decks)

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