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Anatomy > 3A Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

3A Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q
  • Associated w/ small blood vessels

* smooth muscle-like cells that surround blood vessels

A

PERICYTES

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2
Q
  • important component of certain secretory glands where they function to EXPEL SECRETIONS FROM GLANDULAR ACINI
  • assoc. with secretory cells of exocrine glands
A

MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS

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3
Q

Cells that have a contractile role in addition to being able to SECRETE COLLAGEN

A

MYOFIBROBLASTS

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4
Q

Exhibiting HIGHEST DEGREE OF CONTRACTILITY

A

Muscle cells (Myocytes; Myoid cells)

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5
Q

Muscle cells are derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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6
Q

Iris of the eye arises from?

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

Striated muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Composed of extremely elongated, multinucleate contractile cells, often described as MUSCLE FIBRES

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Skeletal muscles contains highly specialized stretch receptors known as?

A

Neuromuscular spindles

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10
Q

Visceral muscle

A

Smooth muscle

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11
Q

Muscle fiber is enveloped by what connective tissue

A

Endomysium

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12
Q

Muscle bundle (fascicle) are enveloped by what connective tissue

A

Perimysium

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13
Q

The whole muscle is enveloped by what connective tissue

A

Epimysium

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14
Q

Multi-nucleated (skeletal) because of the fusion of?

A

Myoblasts

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15
Q

Mononucleated muscle cell precursors

A

Myoblasts

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16
Q

Some myoblast become stem cell called?

A

Myosatellite cells

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17
Q

Responsible for the brownish color of the muscle and also functions as the oxygen binding protein

A

Myoglobin

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18
Q

What muscle tissue is this based on its nuclei?

Shape: oval
Orientation: longitudinal
Location: periphery of the cell near the sarcolemma

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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19
Q

Sarcoplasm of this muscle tissue is EOSINOPHILIC

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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20
Q

Regions of a myofibril:

Light band

A

I bands (Isotropic)

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21
Q

Regions of a myofibril:

Dark band; displays birefringence in polarized light

A

A bands (anisotropic)

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22
Q

Regions of a myofibril:

Dark transverse line that bisects the I band

A

Z band (zwischensheiben)

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23
Q

Regions of a myofibril:

Lighter mid-portion of the A band

A

H band (heller band)

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24
Q

Regions of a myofibril:

Dark stripe that further bisects the H band

A

M Line (mittelsheibe)

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25
Q
  • Smallest repetitive contractile apparatus

* Z-line to Z-line

A

Sarcomere

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26
Q

Part of the A band where thick filaments not overlapped by thin

A

H band

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27
Q

Region of thick filaments

A

A band

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28
Q

What are the (4) proteins of myofilaments

A

F-actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Myosin

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29
Q

A type of myofilament that consist of myosin and spans the region of A band

A

Thick

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30
Q

Type of myofilament that consist of F-actin, Tropomyosin, and Troponin (skeletal)

A

Thin

31
Q
  • Principal protein component of thin filaments

* 15% of the total protein in the myofibril

A

F-actin

32
Q

What are the (2) strands of F-actin

A

Globular strand and G-actin (soluble actin)

33
Q
  • Cover binding sites for in actin filaments

* Arranged along both sides of each actin filament

A

Troponin-Tropomyosin complex

34
Q
  • Principal protein component of thick filament

* 60% of the total protein in the myofibril

A

Myosin

35
Q

274 myosin molecules comprise what filament? thick/thin

A

thick filament

36
Q

Generally accepted explanation for the mechanism of muscle contraction

A

Sliding Filament Theory

37
Q

Tubular invaginations of the plasmalemma

A

Transverse Tubules

38
Q

Form anastomosing systems of tubes that surround the sarcomere

A

Transverse Tubules

39
Q
  • Connection or opening between two things that are normally diverging or branching, such as blood vessels
  • be linked by;
A

Anastomosing

40
Q

Highly modified smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

41
Q

Forms complex system of membrane-bound channels within the sarcomere

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

42
Q

Capture and store calcium ions and its location is the junction of A- and I- bands

A

Terminal cisternae

43
Q

Ensures instantaneous and simultaneous depolarization of s.r. in all sarcomere

A

T-tubules

44
Q

Components of the triad:

A
  • T-tubules

* pair of terminal cisternae of s.r

45
Q

aka motor end plate or neuromuscular junction

A

Myoneural junction

46
Q

3 main types of skeletal muscle fibers:

A

red, white, intermediate

47
Q

slow-twitch muscle fiber

A

red

48
Q

fast-twitch muscle fiber

A

white

49
Q

example of a red muscle fiber

A

long muscle of the back

50
Q

example of a white muscle fiber

A

extraocular muscles

51
Q

muscle fiber that fatigue faster

A

white muscle fiber

52
Q

muscles used for running (e.g. gastrocnemius) are primarily composed of what fibers?

A

white muscle fiber

53
Q

monitoring of position of limbs and state of contraction

A

proprioception

54
Q

a type of intrafusal fiber that has dilated central area

A

nuclear bag fibers

55
Q

modified muscle fibers that are smaller and shorter than surrounding uscles

A

intrafusal fibers

56
Q

a type of muscle tissue that has a nuclei of

  • 1-2
  • pale-staining
  • oval
  • centrally-located
A

Cardiac muscle tissue

57
Q

special junctional complexes where the terminal branches attached end-to end

A

intercalated discs

58
Q

portion of the intercalated disc that runs parallel to the myofibrils

A

Lateral portion

59
Q

Portion of the intercalated disc that prevents the separation of cells during contraction and forms two junctional complexes: fascia adherens and desmosomes

A

Transverse portion

60
Q

a type of fibre that propagates electrical impulse that initiates cardiac contraction

A

purkinje fibers

61
Q

a type of muscle tissue that has a nuclei of:

  • only one
  • oval
  • centrally located at the broadest part of the cell
A

smooth muscle tissue

62
Q

acidophilic sarcoplasm

A

smooth muscle

63
Q

T/F: Sarcolemma of smooth muscle does not form T-tubules

A

TRUE

64
Q

type of muscle in which the thin filaments are composed of actin and tropomyosin onleh

A

smooth

65
Q

ratio of thin to thick filaments in smooth muscle is

A

15:1

66
Q

ratio of thin to thick filaments in skeletal muscle is

A

6:1

67
Q

in smooth muscle contraction, calcium ions interact with what protein to form complexes in order to activate enzyme myosin light-chain kinase

A

calmodulin (ca-calmodulin complex)

68
Q

in skeletal muscle, there is limited regenerative capacity because of the presence of what cells?

A

satellite cells

69
Q

slow red fibres mainly rely on;

A

aerobic metabolism

70
Q

fast white fibres predominantly use

A

anaerobic pathways

71
Q

stain that demonstrates glycogen content

A

PAS stain

72
Q

why is anaerobic (type II) muscle fibres darkly stained than aerobic (type I) when using PAS stain

A

because of their abundant glycogen content

73
Q

wear and tear pigment

A

lipofuscin

Anatomy (5 decks)

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