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Musculoskeletal System Part 1 > 3A. Bones of Pectoral Region > Flashcards

3A. Bones of Pectoral Region Flashcards

Muscles of pectoral region

1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Fits lower + upper limbs

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Midline structures

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3
Q
  1. Scapula/ shoulder blade
A

bone behind the thoracic cavity

  1. Medial Border
  2. Lateral Border
  3. Superior Border
  4. Acromial Process
  5. Coracoid Process
  6. Scapula Notch
  7. Glenoid Cavity
  8. Neck of Scapula
  9. Spine of Scapula
  10. Supraspinous Fossa (posterior)
  11. Infraspinous Fossa (posterior)
  12. Supscapular Fossa (anterior)
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4
Q
  1. Clavicle
A

in front of body

attached to the 1st costal cartilage

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5
Q

Bones of the pectoral region/ pectoral girdle

A

Attaches appendicular skeleton to axial skeleton

  1. Scapula
  2. Clavicle
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6
Q

Layers of Pectoral Region

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Fascia/ Subcutaneous tissue
  3. Deep Fascia/ Pectoral Fascia
  4. Muscles of pectoral region
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7
Q

Superficial Fascia/ Subcutaneous tissue

A

contains cutaneous nerves, vessels

- fibro fatty, enclosing mammary gland

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8
Q

Deep Fascia/ Pectoral Fascia

A

contains muscles, near-vascular bundles underneath

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9
Q

Muscles of Pectoral Region

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Pectoralis Minor
  3. Subclavis
  4. Serratus Anterior
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10
Q
  1. Pectoralis Major
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation (pierces deep fascia to supply pectoral region)
    - Action
A

thick, fan shaped, triangular larger muscle
broad origin from sternum and clavicle
narrow insertion to Humerus
Anterior wall of axilla
- Origin: Clavicular head + Sterno-costal head
- Insertion: Lateral lip of Intertubercular Sulcus/surface
- Nerve supply: Medial + Lateral Pectoral nerves
- Action: Medial rotation + Adduction of shoulder joint

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11
Q
  1. Pectoralis Minor
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A

smaller version, 3 digitation from ribs to coracoid process
beneath pectoralis major, triangular, 2nd layer
- Origin: 3rd - 5th Rib
- Insertion: Medial border and upper surface of coracoid process
- Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve
- Action: Protracts the scapula (medial borders of scapula move away, shoulder move forward, leaning), depress the shoulder
nerve injury if unable to protract with arms crossed

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12
Q

Deep Fascia/ Pectoral Fascia

A

attached to the clavicle and sternum

contains muscles, near-vascular bundles underneath

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13
Q
  1. Serratus Anterior/ Boxer’s/ Big Swing
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A

digitation from the anterior view
helps in the movement of scapula
- Origin: Upper 8 ribs + anterior intercostal membrane from Midclavicular line
Lower 4 digits interdicts/mingles with External Oblique
- Insertion: Inner medial border of scapula
- Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,C6,C7)
- Action: Laterally rotates + protracts scapula, lower 4- 5 digitation + upper and lower fibres of trapezius rotates scapula forward and upward

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14
Q
  1. Pectoralis Major
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation (pierces deep fascia to supply pectoral region)
    - Action
A

thick, fan shaped, triangular larger muscle
broad origin from sternum and clavicle
narrow insertion to Humerus
Anterior wall of axilla
- Origin: Clavicular head + Sterno-costal head
- Insertion: Lateral lip of Intertubercular Sulcus/surface
- Nerve supply: Medial + Lateral Pectoral nerves
- Action: Medial rotation + Adduction of shoulder joint
Clavicular head alone - FLEXION of shoulder joint
Sterno-coastal head - EXTENSION of flexed humerus to the side during climbing activity
Accessory muscle of respiration when humerus is fixed in abduction

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15
Q
  1. Pectoralis Minor
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A

smaller version, 3 digitation from ribs to coracoid process
beneath pectoralis major, triangular, 2nd layer
- Origin: 3rd - 5th Rib
- Insertion: Medial border and upper surface of coracoid process
- Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve
- Action: Protracts the scapula (medial borders of scapula move away, shoulder move forward, leaning), depress the shoulder (along with elevator scapula + rhomboid muscle)
nerve injury if unable to protract with arms crossed

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16
Q
  1. Subclavis
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A

directly under clavicle, triangular

  • Origin: Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilages
  • Insertion: Subclavian groove (middle 3rd of clavicle)
  • Innervation: Nerve to Subclavius - branch from upper trunk of brachial plexus( C3, C6 fibres)
  • Action: Steadies clavicle before initiating any shoulder joint movement
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17
Q

Winging of Scapula

A
  • Long thoracic nerve (keeps medial border of scapula closely kept to thoracic cavity) injury
  • Injury to SA
  • Paralysis of SA
    medial angle elevates up from thoracic cavity
    prominent when pushing against wall, punching action
18
Q
  1. Serratus Anterior/ Boxer’s/ Big Swing
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A

broad sheet of muscle
forms medial wall of axilla
digitation from the anterior view
helps in the movement of scapula
- Origin: Upper 8 ribs + anterior intercostal membrane from Midclavicular line
Lower 4 digits interdicts/mingles with External Oblique
- Insertion: Inner medial border of scapula
- Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,C6,C7)
- Action: Laterally rotates + protracts scapula, lower 4- 5 digitation + upper and lower fibres of trapezius rotates scapula forward and upward

19
Q

Supraspinous Fossa

A

(posterior)

20
Q

Infraspinous Fossa

A

(posterior)

21
Q

Delto-pectoral triangle

- landmark of the anterior aspect of the chest wall

A

Medially - clavicle
superiorly - deltoid
inferiorly - pectoralis major
Cephalic vein runs through deltopectoral groove, pierces triangle, make a right turn and dips to join Axillary Vein in Axilla

22
Q

Muscles of Scapular region

- connect vertebral column and the upper limb (axial + appendicular)

A 
First layer (immediately under deep fascia)
1. Trapezius
2. Latissimus Dorsi
Second layer
1. Lavator Scapulae
2. Rhomboideus Major
3. Rhomboideus Minor
- helps attach Scapula medially
23
Q
  1. Trapezius
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A
  • Origin: Medial 3rd of Superior Nuchal Line of skill. external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae.
  • Insertion: Lateral 3rd of clavicle, Acromion process, spine of Scapula
  • Innervation: Spinal root accessory nerve (CN11)
  • Action: Elevate, retract, rotate scapula
    Superior Fibre - elevate
    Middle Fibre - retract
    Inferior Fibre - depress
  • easy spasm
24
Q

Trapezius feature

A

easy spasm under stress, from working long time

- keep it relaxed, do stretching exercises

25
Q
  1. Latissimus Dorsi
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A

below Trapezius, broad origin, narrow insertion

  • Origin: Spinous process of inferior T6 vertebrae, (T7-T12) thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs
  • Insertion: floor of Intertubercular Sulcus
  • Innervation: Thoracodorsal Nerve
  • Action: Extends (pulled towards posterior aspect), Adducts, medially rotates humerus, raises body toward arm during climbing (bilateral contraction of LD brings swinging movement)
26
Q

Posterior Axillary Fold

A

contributed by Latissimus Dorsi

27
Q
  1. Lavator Scapula
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A
  • Origin: Posterior tubercles of C1-C4 transverse processes
  • Insertion: Superior part of medial border of scapula on the posterior aspect (medial aspect - SA)
  • Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
  • Action: Elevates Scapula
    tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotate scapula
28
Q
  1. Rhomboideus Major
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A
  • Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae
  • Insertion: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
  • Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
  • Action: Retract scapula (medial border comes together), rotate it to depress glenoid cavity, fix scapula to thoracic wall
29
Q
  1. Rhomboideus Minor
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A
  • Origin: nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7, T1 vertebrae
  • Insertion: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
  • Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
  • Action: Retract scapula (medial border comes together), rotate it to depress glenoid cavity, fix scapula to thoracic wall
30
Q
  1. Rhomboideus Minor
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A
  • Origin: nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7, T1 vertebrae
  • Insertion: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
  • Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
  • Action: Retract scapula (medial border comes together), rotate it to depress glenoid cavity, fix scapula to thoracic wall
31
Q
  1. Deltoid
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Innervation
    - Action
A

strong muscle, attach pectoral girdle to humerus (anterior, lateral, posterior aspect)

  • Origin:
    1. Anterior border + upper surface of flattened lateral 3rd of clavicle
    2. Lateral border of Acromion
    3. Lower lip of crest of spine of scapula
  • Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity (shaft of Humerus)
  • Innervation : Axillary Nerve
  • Action:
    1. Prime ABDUCTION of shoulder joint
    2. along with pectoris major, FLEXION, ADDUCTION, MEDIAL ROTATION of shoulder joint
    3. Posterior fibres assist in EXTENSION AND LATERAL ROTATION of arm.
32
Q

Fracture to deltoid tuberosity

compression of axillary nerve

A

loss of ABDUCTION movement of shoulder joint (major muscle for ABDUCTION)

33
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (SSIT)

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Subscapularis
  3. Teres Minor
  4. Infraspinatus
34
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Scapula connection to the clavicle

35
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

Stabilises Acromioclavicular Joint

36
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Scapula articulates with Humerus

37
Q

Medial border of scapula

A

Free from vertebral column

38
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Clavicle attaches to Axial Skeleton

  • enhances mobility of shoulder joint
  • facilitates wide range of movements of the shoulder joint
39
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

stabilises clavicle with 1st costal cartilage

40
Q

Platysma muscle

A

origin from the underlying pectoral fascia, at the subcutaneous tissue/superficial fascia

41
Q

Pectoralis Minor muscle subdivides Axillary Artery

A

2nd part of axillary artery lies behind the pectoralis minor

Musculoskeletal System Part 1 (11 decks)

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