3_Diagnostics & Therapeutics

Question 1

What is normal range of PCV in reptiles?

Answer 1

15-55%

Question 2

T/F: Reptile RBCs are larger than mammalian & avian RBCs

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

What is a heterophil?

Answer 3

Equally functional to the mammalian neutrophil; highly phagocytic with bacterial and present during the acute inflammatory response.

Question 4

What is the primary nitrogenous waste product of reptiles and avians?

Answer 4

uric acid

Question 5

What is normal Ca:P in reptiles?

Answer 5

2:1

An inverse ratio indicates renal disease.

Question 6

T/F: ALT & AST are tissue specific as they are in mammals.

Answer 6

False.

Question 7

What is the most common method of fecal examination in reptiles?

Answer 7

Flotation.

Question 8

What are three routine radiographic views when radiographing a turtle?

Answer 8

DV, Lateral, Craniocaudal

Question 9

What is the ‘best’ radiographic view for lizards?

Answer 9

DV

Also, anesthesia is recommended in lizards.

Question 10

Why is flexible endoscopy difficult in turtles?

Answer 10

Due to: esophageal papillae & a sharp left turn of the distal esophageous into the stomach

Question 11

What is “Reptile Ringers Solution?”

Answer 11

1 part LRS + 2 parts 2.5% dextrose with 0.45% NaCl

Question 12

Hetastarch use in reptiles is primarily indicated for severe shock from massive blood loss. It needs to be diluted for use. What is the appropriate dilution & with which fluid type?

Answer 12

Diluted 1:2 or 1:3 with 0.9% NaCl

Question 13

T/F: Fluids >5% dextrose can be administered IO in reptiles.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the approximate stomach volume of chelonians for PO fluid administration?

Answer 14

~2% of body weight or 20mL/kg

Question 15

What is maintenance fluids for reptiles?

Answer 15

15-30 mL/kg/d or ~2-3% of body weight

Question 16

What anticoagulant would you use to collect blood from a reptilian blood donor?

Answer 16

Acid citrate dextrose

Question 17

Antimicrobial drugs should be injected where in reptilian patients?

Answer 17

Front half of the body

Question 18

What anti-parasitic drug should NEVER be used in chelonians?

Answer 18

Ivermectin

Question 19

Meloxicam & Carprofen are given to reptiles for what purpose?

Answer 19

They are NSAIDS; for analgesia.

Question 20

What is a contraindication for use of Butorphanol & Buprenorphine in reptiles?

Answer 20

Head trauma.

Bonus Question: what type of drugs are these and what are they used for?

Question 21

What injectable anesthetics are suitable for use in reptiles?

Answer 21

Medotomidine + Ketamine or Propofol

Bonus Question: What are the side effect of each?