39 . Vehicle Extrication and Special Rescue

Question 1

what is the removal from entrapment or from a dangerous situation or position called?

Answer 1

Extrication (or called disentanglement)

Question 2

You approach a vehicle crash and notice the airbags have not deployed. How much clearance should you give when working in the vehicle? (Answer for Drive, Side -impact bags, and passenger side bags)

Answer 2

Side air bags = 5 in (13-cm)
Drive air bags = 10 in (25-cm)
Passenger air bags = 20 in (51-cm)

Question 3

what is entrapment (definition)?

Answer 3

A condition in which a person is caught within a closed area with no way out or has a limb or other body part trapped.

Question 4

Each emergency responder has a distinct role at a vehicle extrication scene:
EMS providers:

Answer 4

Assess patients
Provide immediate medical care
Triage and package patients
Provide additional assessment and care as needed once patients are removed
Provide transport to the ED

Question 5

Each emergency responder has a distinct role at a vehicle extrication scene:
The Rescue Team:

Answer 5

Secures and stabilizes the vehicle
Provides safe entrance and access to the patients
Safely extricates patients
Provides adequate room so that patients can be removed properly

Question 6

Each emergency responder has a distinct role at a vehicle extrication scene:
Law Enforcement Officers:

Answer 6

Control traffic
Maintain order at the scene
Establish and maintain a perimeter so that bystanders are kept at a safe distance
Investigate the crash or crime scene

Question 7

Each emergency responder has a distinct role at a vehicle extrication scene:
Firefighters:

Answer 7

Extinguish fire
Prevent additional ignition
Ensure that the scene is safe
Remove spilled fuel

Question 8

When arriving on the scene you should (in terms of ambulance parking)

Answer 8

position ambulance to block scene from oncoming traffic (if first to respond).
Don’t park where you will be blocked in.
Position unit so the back is pointing toward the scene for faster transport.
Avoid adding a hazard to the scene by parking alongside the incident on an active roadway; this could increase the risk of your vehicle or responders being struck.

Question 9

Hazardous Materials at a scene are described as:

Answer 9

any substance that is toxic, poisonous, radioactive, flammable, or explosive and can cause injury or death with exposure.

Question 10

Where should you park with hazardous materials at a scene?

Answer 10

Always park uphill and upwind from the hazard.

Question 11

What is Scene Size-up and what do you look for:

Answer 11

when arriving on scene it is the process of taking in information and determining appropriate tactics for managing the emergency.
During your walk, look for:
The MOI
Downed power lines
Leaking fuels or fluids
Smoke or fire
Broken glass
Trapped or ejected patients
The number of patients and vehicles involved

Question 12

what is the safe zone

Answer 12

A space space to park and stay in without risk of hazards.

Question 13

What is the Danger Zone (hot zone)

Answer 13

area where people can be exposed to sharp metal edges, broken glass, toxic, substances, radiation, or explosion of hazardous materials.

Question 14

What types of support operations occur on scene:

Answer 14

Lighting the scene
Establishing tool and equipment staging areas
Marking helicopter landing zones

Question 15

Simple Access (definition)

Answer 15

involves trying to get to the patient as quickly and simply as possible without using any tools or force.

Question 16

Complex Access (definition)

Answer 16

requires the use of special tools, such as pneumatic and/or hydraulic devices, and special training that includes breaking the windshield or removing the roof.
These advanced skills are typically performed by a specialized team rather than EMS providers and are listed in the table.

Question 17

To perform a primary assessment and provide care before further extrication begins, you should do these:

Answer 17

Provide manual stabilization to protect the cervical spine, as needed.
Open the airway.
Provide high-flow oxygen.
Assist or provide for adequate ventilation.
Control any significant external bleeding.
Treat all critical injuries.

Question 18

Specialized Rescue Situations include:

Answer 18

Cave rescue
Confined space rescue
Cross-field and trail rescue (park rangers)
Dive rescue
Missing person search and rescue
Mine rescue
Mountain-, rock-, and ice-climbing rescue
Ski slope and cross-country or trail snow rescue (ski patrol)
Structural collapse rescue
Special weapons and tactics (SWAT)
Technical rope rescue (low- and high-angle rescue)
Trench rescue
Water and small craft rescue
White water rescue

Question 19

Technical Rescue Situation (definition)

Answer 19

requires specialized skills and equipment to safely enter and move around.

Question 20

Technical Rescue Group (definition)

Answer 20

made up of people from one or more departments in a region who are trained and on call for certain types of technical rescues.

Question 21

Incident commander (definition)

Answer 21

individual who has overall command of the scene in the field.

Question 22

Command Post (definition)

Answer 22

is the location of the incident commander or staging area. Where everyone gathers.

Question 23

When arriving on the scene of a cave-in or trench collapse, response vehicles should park at least ___ feet from the scene.

Answer 23

500

Question 24

At no time should medical or rescue personnel enter a trench deeper than _______ without proper shoring in place.

Answer 24

4 feet (1 m)

Question 25

True or false:
Even when the technical rescue group includes a paramedic or physician, only essential care is provided until the group members can bring the patient to the staging area.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False:
A team of experienced EMTs should be able to perform rapid extrication in 1 minute or less.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

True or False:
As an EMT, your assessment of the patient and the scene will dictate how medical care, packaging, and transport will proceed.

Answer 27

False. (Incident commander’s assessment will do that)

Question 28

True or False:
You will need to treat any patients trapped in a trench collapse prior to extrication to avoid the patient becoming hypoxic.

Answer 28

False: At no time should medical or rescue personnel enter a trench deeper than 4 feet (1 m) without proper shoring in place.

Question 29

When called to the scene of a law enforcement tactical situation, you should:

Answer 29

determine the location of the command post and report to the incident commander for instructions.
Turn off the ambulance’s lights and siren when nearing the scene.
Do not use outside radio speakers.
The command post is usually located in an area that cannot be seen by the suspect and is out of range of possible gunfire.
Remain in this area and do not roam beyond this site.

Question 30

In an incident involving multiple casualties, how should patient care be initiated?

Answer 30

You should locate and rapidly triage each patient to determine who needs urgent care before you proceed with any treatment and patient packaging.

Question 31

10 phases of extrication:

Answer 31

1.preparation
2. en route to scene
3. arrival and scene size-up
4. hazard control
5. support operations
6. gaining access
7. emergency care
8. removal of the patient
9. transfer of the patient
10. termination