3.9 through 3.14 Flashcards
What is molarity?
M = (# mol of solute) / (# liters of solution
Concentration of a solution in terms of moles of solute per volume
What is mole fraction?
Expresses the fraction of moles of a given substance relative to the total moles in a solution
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
The amount of matter does not change in a chemical reaction
What are stoichiometric coefficients?
Gives the ratios of the number of molecules (moles) that apply to the combination of reactants and formation of products
What do you always start with when balancing equations?
Most complex species in a reaction
What is the limiting reagent?
The reactant in a chemical reaction that is exhausted first this limiting the amount of product that can be formed
What are the phases and their abbreviations that can be written into chemical reactions?
Solid (s)
Liquid (l)
Gas (g)
Aqueous solution (aq)
What is a catalyst?
Substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed
What is the oxidation state?
Theoretical charge that would be present on each atom if a molecule was shattered into its individual constituent atoms with bonding electrons ending up with the atom of the bond having the highest electronegativity
What is the oxidation state of any atom in its standard state?
Zero
What oxidation state do group one metals have? Group two?
+1 and +2
What is fluorines oxidation state?
-1
What is oxygens oxidation state?
-2
