Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro Quiz 3 > 38_Limbic System_Jullet > Flashcards

38_Limbic System_Jullet Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the limbic system located in?

A

interconnected nuclei in telencephalon + diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

1) regulate autonomic + endocrine function, especially in response to emotional stimuli 2) motivation and reinforcing behaviors, 3) various forms of memory, 4) connected to the olfactory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What comprises the cortical structures of the limbic system? Subcortical structures?

A

CORTICAL: hippocampus + neocortex aka limbic cortex (PICOS = parahippcampal gyrus, insular cortex, cingulate gyrus, orbital frontal cortex, subcallosal gyrus). SUBCORTICAL: Olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, amygdala, septal nuclei, thalamic structures (A-HOST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the neocortex (aka limbic cortex) of the limbic system comprised of?

A

PICOS = parahippcampal gyrus, insular cortex, cingulate gyrus, orbital frontal cortex, subcallosal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What connects the frontal lobe to the temporal lobe?

A

uncinate fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What connects the frontal lobe to the occpital lobe?

A

inferior + superior occipital frontal fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area?

A

Arcuate Fasiculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What connects the hippocampus to the septal nuclei + hypothalamus?

A

fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the amygdala?

A

ventral amygdalofugal pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What connects the septal nuclei to the amygdala?

A

stria terminalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What connects the septal nuclei to the hypothalamus?

A

medial forebrain bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What connects the orbital frontal cortex to the hypothalamus?

A

medial forebrain bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the effector/output functions of the limbic system?

A

endocrine, autonomic, behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the structures involved in the OUTPUT of the limbic system?

A

1) Septal nuclei, 2) midbrain RF and PAG, and 3) hypothalamus “SMH”, which are connected by the medial forebrain bundle. Remember that the effector functons of the limbic system are: endocrine, autonomic, behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are the septal nuclei involved in neuroendocrine functions and memory?

A

NEUROENDOCRINE: it has GnRH projections to the hypothalamus median eminence. MEMORY: It has cholinergic pathways to the hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to the septal nuclei?

A

septal rage - behavioral overreaction following minimal stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the limbic cortex?

A

assigns value or meaning to a particular experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are of the brain is highly developed compared to chimps?

A

prefrontal cortex (neocortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the orbital frontal cortex important for?

A

judgement, insight, motivation, mood, and conditioned emotional reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex important for?

A

executive functions - planning, initiating, abstracting, working memory, sequencing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the orbital + medial prefrontal cortex important for?

A

mood, motivation, emotional control, reactivity, personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens if you damage the prefrontal cortex?

A

difficulties with abstract reasoning, judgement moods, solving puzzles, tactless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mood disorders are generally associated with abnormal function in this area:

A

prefrontal cortex (neocortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What part of the brain is involved in depression and pain?

A

cingulate cortex “Being C-ingle is depressing and painful”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The cingulate cortex is involved in pain and depression. What areas are over-activated? Underactivated?
overactive: anterior cingulate. Underactive: posterior cingulate. *anterior cingulate always has to be first and therefore it's hyperactive*
26
Why is deep brain stimulation used to treat depression?
In depressed peeps, the anterior cingulate is overactive. Deep brain stimulation of this area results in a net INHIBITION of this area.
27
What my account for the overactive anterior cingulate observed in depressed people?
this may be due to an overactive medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, which projects to the pre-frontal cortex/anterior cingulate
28
What 3 components form the central olfactory pathway?
1) olfactory tubercle, 2) piriform cortex on the rostral surface of uncus, 3) medial amygdala within the uncus
29
Where does the piriform cortex projec to?
medial-dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
30
Where does the amygdala project to?
ventromedial nucleus of the HYPOTHALAMUS (invovled in feeding, influences emotional + endocrine reactions
31
Where is the amygdala found?
anterior temporal lobe within the uncus; at the tip of the lateral ventricle (inferior horn)
32
The amygdala forms reciprocal connections with:
everything but the olfactory bulb
33
What is the function of the amygdala?
1) ASSIGNS emotional value to sensory, auditory, and visual cues and 2) COORDINATES behavior + autonomic + endocrine responses to environmental stimuli.
34
What happens if you stimulate the amygdala?
RAGE. ARrrGGG
35
What happens if there is a unilateral lesion in the amygdala? Bilateral lesion?
UNILATERAL: reduced ANS+behavioral responses to stress. BILATERAL: Kluver-Bucy Syndrome - visual agnosia, compulsive oral tendencies, no fear or anger, docile, hypersexual
36
What is the Kluver-Bucy Syndrome?
CAUSE: bilateral lesions in the amygdala. SYMPTOMS: visual agnosia, compulsive oral tendencies, no fear or anger, docile, hypersexual
37
What type of neurons is predominant in the amygdala?
CRF neurons that project to the hypothalamus via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway. Incresed sympathetic activity (fear/stress) can induce release of CRF -> ACTH release -> Cortisol release -> behavioral reaction associated with fear and stress
38
What is the input to the amygdala?
association cortices (visual, auditory, olfactory).
39
How does auditory information arrive to the amygdala?
Auditory -> medial geniculate + auditory cortex -> amygdala -> circuits that influence somatomotor, autonomic, and endocrine activity
40
What is the output from the amygdala?
somatomotor, autonomic, and endocrine activity
41
The hippocampus is this type of cortex
allocortex (part of the cerebral cortex that's characterized by fever cells than the neocortex (<6))
42
Where is the hippocampus found?
medial aspect of the temporal lobe; forms the medial wall of the lateral ventricle
43
The hippocampus is made up of these 3 structures:
1) DG, 2) Cornu Ammonis (CA fields, pyramidal cells), 3) Subiculum (adjacent to entorhinal cortex
44
What are the AFferents to the hippocampus? (2)
1) entorhinal cortex, 2) septal nuclei + hypothalamus (via fornix)
45
What are the EFferents to the hippocampus? (2)
1) entorhinal cortex, 2) fornix
46
Where does the entorhinal cortex receives its information from? (3)
1) association cortices (visual, auditory, olfactory), 2) limbic cortex, 3) amygdala
47
Limbic inputs (amygdala + cingulate gyrus) are conferred to the hippocampus via this pathway
perforant pathway.
48
The entorhinal cortex projects directly to the DG and CA1 of the hippocampus via this pathway:
perforant pathway
49
Cortical inputs (from association cortices) are conferred to the hippocampus via this pathway
alveolar pathway
50
The entorhinal cortex projects directly to the SUBICULUM and CA1 of the hippocampus via this pathway:
alveolar pathway
51
Perforant pathway connects the entorhinal cortex to:
DG and CA1
52
Alveolar pathway connects the entorhinal cortex to:
Subiculum and CA1
53
The hippocampus sends output to various limbic structures via this:
fornix
54
The fornix has this unique feature:
it divides at the anterior commissure to innervate various structures.
55
Pre-anterior commissure fibers of the fornix innervate: (2)
mammillary bodies + anterior nucleus of thalamus
56
Post-anterior commissure fibers of the fornix innervate: (2)
Septal nuclei, pre-optic nuclei of hypothalamus, ventral striatum, orbital frontal cortex, subcallosal cortex.
57
Where does the septal nuclei project to? (2)
1) hypothalamus, 2) Amygdala (via stria terminalis)
58
What roles do the hippocampus have? (4)
1) glucocorticoid production, 2) movement, 3) mapping environment via place cells, 4) declarative memory (explicit, short term)
59
What happens if you have a lesion in the hippocampus?
no new declarative memory can be formed
60
What happens if you have a lesion in the place cells of the hippocampus?
can't do the water maze test
61
What is Korsakoff's psychosis?
alcohol-induced degeneration of dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus + mammillary bodies --> leads to short-term memory loss
62
What is the pathway of short-term memory formation?
polymodal association cortex -> parahippocampal gyrus -> entorhinal cortex -> DG -> hippocampus -> subiculum -> entorhinal cortex -> Parahippocampal gyrus -> polymodal association cortex -> various cortices for long-term storage
63
What are 3 things that can affect memory?
1) hippocampal lesions, 2) OH induced degeneration of dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus + mammillary bodies, 3) blocked glutamate/inhibit
64
How is the limbic circuitry linked to the reward circuitry?
via ventral striatum. Both the limbic system (Amygdala, hippocampus, and limbic cortex) AND the mesolimbic reward system (VTA neurons) project to the ventral striatum
65
How does cocaine addiction occur?
cocaine causes dopamine release but inhibits reuptake. Because there are more dopamine hanging around, the dopamine receptors get desensitized and more is needed to achieve the same effect
66
What is the molecular basis of schizophrenia?
DIMINISHED dopamine input to the prefrontal cortex (via mesocortical pathways), but INCREASED dopamine input to limbic areas
67
What is the net result of diminished dopamine input to the prefrontal cortex?
negative symptoms: withdrawal, decreased outward emotional responsiveness
68
What is the net result of increased dopamine input to limbic areas?
positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations

Neuro Quiz 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions