3.8.1 Alteration of the Sequence of Bases in DNA Can Alter the Structure of Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

Are all mutations bad?

A

No

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2
Q

Do all mutations have an affect on the phenotype?

A

No

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3
Q

Are all mutations the same size?

A

No

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4
Q

What is an addition mutation?

A

When extra bases are inserted into the sequence
Causes a frame shift to the right
Whole sequence is affected
If three bases are added, there will not be a frame shift

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5
Q

What is a duplication mutation?

A

One or more bases are repeated, frame shift to the right

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6
Q

What is an inversion mutation?

A

Where a group of bases become separated from the DNA sequence and rejoin at the same position but back to front (inverse order)
Affects the amino acid sequence

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7
Q

What is a translocation mutation?

A

Where a group of bases becomes separated from the DNA of one chromosome and become inserted into the DNA sequence of a different chromosome
This leads to an abnormal phenotype

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8
Q

What are the causes of mutations?

A

Some are spontaneous with no outside interference
High energy ionising radiation e.g. xrays and UV
Chemicals e.g. nitrogen dioxide which alters DNA structure

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