38 - Topical/local infiltrative anesthetics - aa Flashcards
1
Q
How do local anesthetics work?
A
block sodium ion channels to prevent action potential
2
Q
What is the purpose of adding epi to local anesthetics?
A
Epinephrine constricts local blood vessels, slowing diffusion of anesthetic away from site, so:
- longer duration of action of anesthetic
- fewer systemic effects of anesthetic
3
Q
How can you easily remember which local anesthetics are esters and which are amides?
A
~Esters have only one ‘i’ in the generic name
~Amides have two ‘i’s in the generic name
e.g.
chloroprocaine: ester
bupivacaine: amide
4
Q
Which has the highest potency? chloroprocaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine
A
bupivacaine
5
Q
Which has the shortest duration of action? chloroprocaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine
A
chloroprocaine
6
Q
Which has the slowest onset? chloroprocaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine
A
bupivacaine
7
Q
Which should NOT be used in obstetrics or labor? chloroprocaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine
A
mepivacaine
8
Q
Which is noted for cardiotoxicity? chloroprocaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine
A
bupivacaine
9
Q
Which has the highest max dose? Lowest? chloroprocaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine
A
highest: chloroprocaine
lowest: bupivacaine
10
Q
What is a potential adverse effect of EMLA cream?
A
methemoglobinemia
