376-387

Question 0

a mental process that modifies new information to fit it into existing schemas

Answer 0

assimilation

Question 1

in Piaget’s theory, mental structures or programs that guide a developing child’s thought

Answer 1

schemas

Question 2

a mental process that restructures existing schemas so that new information is better understood

Answer 2

accommodation

Question 3

the first stage in Piaget’s theory, during which the child relies heavily on innate motor responses to stimuli

Answer 3

sensorimotor stage

Question 4

the ability to form internal images of objects and events

Answer 4

mental representation

Question 5

the knowledge that objects exist independently of one’s own actions or awareness

Answer 5

object permanence

Question 6

the second stage in Piaget’s theory, marked by well-developed mental representation and the use of language

Answer 6

preoperational stage

Question 7

in Piaget’s theory, the self-centered inability to realize that there are other viewpoints beside one’s own

Answer 7

egocentrism

Question 8

a preoperational mode of thought in which inanimate objects are imagined to have life and mental processes

Answer 8

animistic thinking

Question 9

a preoperational thought pattern involving the inability to take into account more than one factor at a time

Answer 9

centration

Question 10

the inability, in the preoperational child, to think through a series of events or mental operations and then mentally reverse the steps

Answer 10

irreversibility

Question 11

the third of Piaget’s stages, when a child understands conservation but still is incapable of abstract thought

Answer 11

concrete operational stage

Question 12

the understanding that the physical properties of an object or substance do not change when appearances change but nothing is added or taken away

Answer 12

conservation

Question 13

solving problems by manipulating images in one’s mind

Answer 13

mental operations

Question 14

an awareness that other people’s behavior may be influenced by beliefs,desires, and emotions that differ from one’s own

Answer 14

theory of mind

Question 15

an individual’s characteristic manner of behavior or reaction-assumed to have a strong genetic basis

Answer 15

temperament

Question 16

the difference between what a child can do with help and what the child can do without any help or guidance

Answer 16

zone of proximal development

Question 17

In Erikson’s theory, the development stages refer to right major challenges that appear successively across the lifespan, which require an individual to rethink his or her goals and relationships with others

Answer 17

psychosocial stages