3.7.2 Populations Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Hardy Weinberg predict?

A

The frequency of alleles in a population.
It will stay constant from one generation to the next

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2
Q

Hardy Weinberg principle only holds true if…

A

There are no mutations, no selection, population is large, mating is random, no migration

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3
Q

p+q = 1. What is this predicting?

A

Frequency of alleles

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4
Q

p2+2pq+q2 = 1. What is this predicting?

A

Frequency of genotype

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5
Q

If p = 0.5, what is the frequency of the heterozygotes in the population. Express as a % also.

A

0.5, 50%

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6
Q

Define gene pool

A

All of the alleles of all of the genes in a population

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7
Q

define allele frequency

A

The number of times a particular allele occurs within the gene pool

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8
Q

Define population

A

The total number of all organisms of one species that occupy a particular area/habitat

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9
Q

Define a species

A

Group of similar organisms that are capable of reproducing and producing fertile offspring

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10
Q

If the frequency of heterozygous individuals is 10% of the population and the population is 20,000. How many people are heterozygotes?

A

2000 people

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11
Q

Define a mutation

A

Change in the base sequence of DNA - can give rise to new alleles.

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12
Q

Can a mutation be passed onto offspring?

A

Only if it occurs in the gametes - mutations in normal body cells are not passed onto offspring

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13
Q

Define Meiosis

A

Type of nuclear division that leads to the production of gametes - each with a unique combination of alleles

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14
Q

Bell shaped curve known as a ..

A

Normal distribution curve

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15
Q

Examples of selection pressures..

A

predation, disease, competition. These pressures vary from time to time and place to place

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16
Q

describe a method that enable you to determine plant species at one particular site

A
  1. A method of selecting sampling sites at random;

2.Use of quadrat;

3.Count number of (different plant) species (at site/in each quadrat);

17
Q

Why is log scale used on a graph to record number of bacterial cells?

A

It can accommodate a LARGE range in numbers - allowing patterns and trends to be seen

18
Q

During population growth of yeast cells, many cells die during the death phase - why?

A

No glucose left
increased in ethanol production/toxins

19
Q

Describe how you would determine the mean % cover of grass on the sand dunes?

A
  1. use random number table to sample randomly
  2. take many samples
  3. divide the total % in all samples by the no. of quadrats taken.