3.7 - Somatic cell division Flashcards
1
Q
What occurs during somatic cell division?
A
- Cells in the body and continuously replaced
- Cell divides into 2 identical copies
- Entire genome is replicated and transferred into the new cell
2
Q
What are the two phases of somatic cell division?
A
- non-dividing: Interphase
- dividing: mitosis
3
Q
What are the 5 parts of the mitotic phase?
A
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
4
Q
Describe what occurs during interphase
A
- Period of high cell activity
- Cell replicates its entire genome
- More organelles are manufactured
- Defined nucleus is visible under microscopy
5
Q
Describe prophase
A
- Chromatin condenses into distinct visible chromosomes
- Chromosomes as two identical chromatids joined by a chromatid
- Nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down
6
Q
Describe metaphase
A
- Centromeres align at the centre of the cell
- Along the mitotic spindle
7
Q
Describe anaphase
A
- Centromeres split the chromosomes into two identical halves
- Chromosomes migrate along the mitotic spindle to the poles of the cell
8
Q
Describe telophase
A
- Chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin at the end of migration
- New nuclear envelope and nucleoli form
- Mitotic envelope breaks down
- Cleavage furrow is visible
9
Q
Describe cytokinesis
A
- Process of dividing the cytoplasm and organelles into the two separate parts
- Begins in anaphase and is concluded at the end of telophase
- Microfilaments in the cleavage furrow pull the membrane inwards
- Cell is eventually pinched into two identical halves
