3.7 Homeostasis And The Kidney Flashcards
Explain negative feedback
A change in a system produces a second change, which reversed the first change
Give an example of negative feedback
Glucose concentration in the plasma
Body temperature
Explain the stages of negative feedback
The set point for a factor is the norm at which a system operates
A receptor detects that level of the factor has changed
The receptor sends instructions to a co-ordinator or controller
To co-ordinator communicates with one or more effectors, which makes responses that are corrective procedures.
The factor returns to normal, monitored by the receptor and information is fed back to the effectors, which stop making the correction.
Give examples of positive feedback
Giving birth
Clot formation
Define osmoregulation
The control of the water potential of the body’s fluids by the regulation of the water content of he body
How are carbon dioxide and water excreted
In respiration the compounds are excreted in expired air out of the lungs
How is urea excreted
Urea is produced in the break down of amino acids, and excreted in urine. The excretory gland is the kidney.
It is also produced when sweating and is excreted in sweat through the skin
How is creative produced and secreted
Produced in muscle tissue breakdown. Excreted in urine, excretory gland is the kidney.
How is uric acid produced and excreted
Produced in nucleic acid breakdown. Excreted in urine through the kidney.
How are bile pigments produced and excreted
Produced in haemoglobin breakdown and excreted in faeces using the liver
What are the two main functions of the kidney
Excretion and osmoregulation
What are 3 ways of excreting water
Metabolic waste as a product of respiration
secreted in tears and saliva
Egested in faeces
Define excretion
The removal of nitrogenous metabolic waste from the body
Define osmoregulation
The control of the water potential of the body’s fluids (plasma, tissue fluid and lymph) by regulating the water content, and therefor the solute concentration.
Give the chemical equation showing be production of urea
CHR.NH2.COOH
Amino acid
|
O=CHR.COOH + NH3
A-keto acid + Ammonia
|
O=C(NH2)
UreaCHR.NH2.COOH
Amino acid
|
O=CHR.COOH + NH3
A-keto acid + Ammonia
|
O=C(NH2)
Urea
What is this process called
Deamination
How and why are amino acids produced
Dietary proteins are digested to amino acids. These are transported to the liver and then around the body where they are assimilated into proteins
What happens to waste amino acids
Excess amino acids are deaminated in the liver and the amino group is converted to urea
Name the blood vessels that deliver blood to and from the kidney
TO = The renal artery FROM = the renal vein
Name the tough capsule that covers the kidney
The renal capsule
What carries urea from the kidneys to the bladder
The ureter
Where are kidneys located?
Either side of the vertebral column
Hat is the outlet layer of the kidney called
The cortex
What parts of the kidney are contained in the medulla
Loops of Henle
Collecting duct
What part of the kidney is in the cortex
Efferent arteriole Glomerulus Afferent arteriole Proximal convoluted tubule Bowman’s capsule Distal convoluted tubule
