Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CompSci > 3.7 Fundamentals of computer organisation and architecture > Flashcards

3.7 Fundamentals of computer organisation and architecture Flashcards

1
Q

processor

A

executes program instructions to run applications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

main memory

A

includes RAM and ROM, store program instructions and frequently used data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

address bus

A

transports memory addresses specifying where data is to be sent to or retrieved from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

increasing width of address bus

A

increases range of addresses that can be specified, 2^n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

data bus

A

sends data and instructions to and from components of computer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

increasing width of data bus

A

increases volume of data that can be transferred at one time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

control bus

A

carries control signals that regulate operations, carries clock signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

I/O controllers

A

hardware that control the communication of data between the processor and external hardware devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

harvard architecture

A

processor will use two separate main memory locations one for instructions and another for data, used in embedded systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

von neumann architecture

A

instruction and data are stored in the same memory, buses have to be shared for fetching both instruction and data, used for general-purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stored program concept

A

serially fetching and executing machine code instructions stored in main memory by a processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

number of programs stored program concept

A

allows numerous different applications to run as sets of program instructions can be switched out in main memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

processor components

A

ALU, control unit, registers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

A

performs arithmetic and logical operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

control unit

A

responsible for controlling various components of processor, controls FE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

special purpose registers

A

Program Counter (PC), Current instruction register (CIR), Memory address register (MAR), Memory buffer register (MBR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PC (program counter)

A

holds the memory address of the next instruction to be executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CIR (current instruction register)

A

holds the instruction that is currently being executed by processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MAR (memory address register)

A

stores the memory address of a memory location that is to be read from or written to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MBR (memory buffer register)

A

holds contents of a memory location that has been read from or data that is to be stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

registers

A

small storage locations that hold data temporarily, high read and write speeds

22
Q

clock

A

generates a timing signal that changes at a regular frequency to synchronise communication between processor and rest of computer system

23
Q

fetch stage

A
  1. content of PC is copied to MAR,
  2. content of MAR is transferred to main memory by address bus,
  3. instruction is sent from main memory to MBR by data bus,
  4. PC is incremented by one,
  5. the content of the MBR is copied to the CIR
24
Q

decode stage

A
  1. content of CIR is decoded by control unit,
  2. decoded instruction is split into opcode and operands
25
Q

execute stage

A
  1. any data required not present is fetched,
  2. instruction is carried out,
  3. results are stored in general purpose registers or main memory
26
Q

opcode

A

specifies the type of operation that is to be carried out

27
Q

operands

A

pieces of data on which the operation is performed

28
Q

addressing modes

A

immediate and direct

29
Q

immediate addressing mode

A

value specified in operand is treated as actual value

30
Q

direct addressing mode

A

value specified in operand signifies a memory address

31
Q

logical shifting (assembly language)

A

doubling or halving the number

32
Q

handling interrupts

A

processor stops executing current program and places contents onto system stack (saving volatile environment), interrupt service routine is loaded, restores volatile environment from system stack and resumes execution

33
Q

factors affecting processor performance

A

number of cores, cache memory, clock speed, word length, address bus/data bus width

34
Q

number of cores affecting processor performance

A

more cores means more instructions can be executed at the same time

35
Q

cache memory affecting processor performance

A

stores frequently used information and reduces time wasted in fetching same information, more cache means more information stored and more time saved in fetching information from main memory

36
Q

clock speed affecting processor performance

A

the higher the frequency of pulses generated the faster instructions are carried out

37
Q

word length affecting processor performance

A

word length is amount of data that can be handled at one time by processor, greater word length the more data that can be transferred to the CPU in one pass

38
Q

address bus width affecting processor performance

A

increasing width increases the range of addressable memory, larger main memory to access data and instructions

39
Q

data bus width affecting processor performance

A

increasing data bus width increases the volume of data that can be transferred at one time

40
Q

operation of a laser printer

A
  1. bitmap of image built,
  2. negative charge applied to photosensitive drum,
  3. laser beam direct at drum,
  4. mirror used to direct laser beam,
  5. where laser strikes drum charge is neutralised,
  6. negative charge applied to toner,
  7. toner sticks to drum where laser struck,
  8. paper passed over drum and toner transfers to it
41
Q

operation of a SSD

A

uses NAND flash memory,
data stored using floating gate transistors,
transistor that can trap and store charge,
cannot read/write individual bits,
can use single-level cells or multi-level cells

42
Q

operation of RFID system

A

reader sends radio frequency wave,
to antenna of RFID tag,
RFID tag is energised by the reader,
transponder sends data signal,

43
Q

operation of a barcode reader

A

light shone at bar code,
light reflects black,
black reflects less light,
light sensor measures amount of reflected light,
light reflected converted into an electrical signal,
data transmitted as binary codes to computer

44
Q

how data is written to and read from a CD-R disk (optical disk)

A

to write data a high powered laser burns a pit,
to read a low powered laser is used to read data back from disk,
the difference between pits and lands,
data is stored as a continuous spiral track

45
Q

operation of a hard disk drive

A

magnetic,
binary digits represented by magnetising spots on disk,
disk divided into tracks and sectors,
tracks are concentric circles,
drive head can move in and out,
data read/written as correct sector passes under read/write head,
data transferred in sectors

46
Q

operation of a digital still camera

A

lens focuses light onto image sensor,
image is captured when shutter is pressed,
colour filter used to generate data separately,
image recorded as a group of pixels

47
Q

operation of an optical disc

A

continuous track of data arranged in a spiral,
data stored in form of pits and lands,
data is read serially with the disc rotating at varying speeds,
light from laser is shone onto surface,
pits and lands reflect different amounts of light,
to write data light will burn dots into layer,
can be reversed so erased and disc can be written to again

48
Q

typical capacity hard disk vs solid state drive vs optical disc

A

HDD: high capacity,
SSD: relatively low,
optical disc: very low

49
Q

read/write speeds HDD vs SSD vs OD

A

HDD: good speeds,
SSD: very high speeds,
OD: relatively low speeds

50
Q

latency HDD vs SSD vs OD

A

HDD: high (not good),
SSD: very low (best),
OD: high

51
Q

portability HDD vs SSD vs OD

A

HDD: bulky, heavy, easily damaged,
SSD: lightweight and rarely damaged,
OD: very small and light but can be damaged by dirt and scratches

52
Q

power consumption HDD vs SSD vs OD

A

HDD: high,
SSD: low,
OD: high

CompSci (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions