37 Cases Flashcards
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Chief Justice: John Marshall
- Principal of Judicial review
- Gives power to declare acts of congress unconstitutional
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Chief Justice:John Marshall
- State action mat not impede valid constitutional rules by the federal government
- prevents state governments from taxing federal governments
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Chief Justice: John Marshall
- Congress, under the constitution clause, has the power to regulate navigation
Engel v Vitale (1962)
Chief Justice: Earl Warren
- Schools cannot compose official school prayer
- Separation of church and state
School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp (1963)
Chief Justice: Earl Warren
- Establishes public bible readings in school were Un-Constitutional
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Chief Justice: Warren E. Burger
- Allows public schools to reimburse private schools for certain costs in materials
- Laws must have legitimate secular purpose
Zelman v Simmons-Harris (2002)
Chief Justice: William Rehnquist
- 5 part test developed to test whether a law violates the Establishment Clause
Schenck v. United States (1919)
Chief Justice: Edward D. White
- People cannot obstruct the draft, and if they do, they will face consequences.
New York TImes v. Sullivan (1964)
Chief Justice: Earl Warren
- Actual malice standard
- If they are not aware that it doesn’t affect them, they cannot be charged
Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission
Chief Justice: Earl Warren
- requires equal time and equal coverage in radio stations
Miller v. Claifornia
Chief Justice: Warren E. Burger
- Establishes the Three-prong standard
- Anything considered obscene is considered void of any artistic talent
Texas v Johnson (1989)
Chief Justice: William Rehnquist
- Desecration of an American flag violates the first amendment
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
Chief Justice: Charles E. Hughes
- Prohibits restraints from being placed on newspapers for “malicious” or “scandalous” works
Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo (1974)
Chief Justice: Warren E. Burger
- Overturned a law would impose newspapers to equally represent both parties or candidates
Zurcher v. Stanford (1976)
Chief Justice: Warren E. Burger
- Private Protection (ensure that seizure of journalism notes could not be done unless the writer is suspected of a crime, or something that could hurt other people
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Chief Justice: Warren E. Burger
- Death penalty is considered constitutional if deemed so by the state
McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)
Chief Justice: William Rehnquist
- Death penalty cannot be stopped unless it shows clear signs of racial discrimination.
Barron v Baltimore (1833)
Chief Justice: John Marhsall
- Government is not bound by the 5th amendment in compensation cases of eminent domain
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Chief Justice: William H. Taft
- Prevents freedom of speech if it is in clear hopes to overthrow the government
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Chief Justice: Earl Warren
- Any evidence found in a case that violates the 4th amendment cannot be used in a court
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Chief Justice: Earl Warren
-Allows for people without money to be provided an attorney for court
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Chief Justice: Earl Warren
- Police must inform people of their rights when they interrogate them (Miranda Rights)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Chief Justice: William Rehnquist
- Made abortion a choice to be decided by states, unless they refuse it outright
Dred Scott v Sanford (1857)
Chief Justice: Roger B. Taney
- Says that slaves were not meant to be considered citizens
- Congress cannot ban slavery in certain areas
