3.6a Cultural Diffusion

Question 1

Cultural diffusion occurs as a result of:

Answer 1

Globalisation; TNCs, global media, corporations, migration and tourism

Question 2

Tourism and migration create and spread an

Answer 2

Increasingly ‘Westernised’ global culture which impacts on both the environment and people.

Question 3

The spread of global culture has led to:

Answer 3

New awareness of opportunities for disadvantaged groups e.g athletes at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympics

Question 4

What are some aspects of Western culture?

Answer 4

• Fast food, fast fashion
• Large tech companies
• High consumption and waste production
• Success determined through wealth and status
• English

Question 5

Cultural Imperialism:

Answer 5

The act of forcing or promoting the culture of one nation in another

Question 6

Cultural Diffusion:

Answer 6

The exchange of ideas between different people as they mix and interact as a result of globalisation

Question 7

What are TNCs influence on global culture?

Answer 7

Americanisation of food and clothes. Fast fashion and fast food e.g Nike, Lego.
People follow the Western ideal due to its success.

Question 8

What do TNCs do in non-western countries?

Answer 8

Glocalisation - TNCs adapt their products to the local area/culture to attract local people (income)
(Could this be cultural imperialism as TNCs are trying to filter global culture and fill it with western ideals.)

Question 9

Examples of global media:

Answer 9

Disney and Marvel
News outlets, e.g BBC
World Service Radio Station
Music
TV shows e.g Love Island, Britain’s Got Talent

Question 10

Examples of migration and tourism:

Answer 10

Africaans - main language is a dialect of Dutch, and they speak English
Spain - cultural erosion due to the increase in British and Irish pubs
England brought cricket to India

Question 11

What has global media enabled in non-western countries?

Answer 11

Absorption of Western ideals. Other cultures create their own versions of Western TV shows such as Love Island

Question 12

What has happened to meat consumption in China?

Answer 12

Significantly increased from 1990 to 2020

Question 13

What types of meet have risen the most in China?

Answer 13

Pork, poultry, beef

Question 14

Why is the meat consumption in China an example of cultural diffusion?

Answer 14

China’s food before was mainly vegetarian, but increased investment in Western fast food has led to an increased consumption of meat/western diet.

Question 15

China’s meat consumption has led to:

Answer 15

• Deforestation in developing countries
• More than half of Chinese adults are now living with obesity and overweight
• Significant air pollution
• Significant waste production

Question 16

Why has deforestation increased in China as a result of the meat consumption?

Answer 16

Spread of the Western diet - higher meat consumption through fast food - increase in cattle farming - higher demand for farming space - deforestation

Question 17

Why are Chinese adults living with obesity due to meat consumption?

Answer 17

Spread of the Western diet - higher meat consumption which contains a lot of fat - eating lots of fatty products leads to obesity

Question 18

Why has air pollution increased in China as a result of the meat consumption?

Answer 18

Spread of the Western diet - higher meat consumption such as beef - more cow farming - increased methane production

Spread of the Western diet - higher meat consumption - China has to import more meat to meet the demand - increased transportation - increased greenhouse gases

Question 19

Why has waste production increased in China as a result of the meat consumption?

Answer 19

Global shift - Countries in Asia (China) has more disposable income - spread of western culture and diet - increase in consumerist society such as fast fashion and fast food - more things thrown away faster - waste production

Question 20

Why has consumption of shark fin soup increased?

Answer 20

Due to the global shift, Asian countries such as China have more disposable income and therefore spend it on food and delicacies such as shark fin soup

Question 21

What environmental issues has the consumption of shark fin soup caused?

Answer 21

A risk of extinction for shark species due to mass consumption. Loss of biodiversity and an impact on the food chain.

Question 22

How has globalisation catalysed an increase in athletes competing in the paralympics.

Answer 22

Globalisation has led to the global diffusion of Western ideals of diversity and acceptance of disabilities which other countries adopt and absorb through global media etc.

Question 23

What are the social opportunities of new broadcast partners in Africa, Asia, Latin America?

Answer 23

• Higher aspirations: those with disabilities may feel less under-represented and therefore more inspired
• More awareness of the types of disability - less discrimination and prejudice
• More homegrown talented athletes

Question 24

What are the social opportunities of Fifa - #SayNoToRacism

Answer 24

• Football is the most watched sport worldwide - raises awareness
• Idolisation of players, people are more likely to adopt the ideals of those they perceive to be role models and therefore also this Western ideal.
• Multicultural teams