365DataScience - Descriptive Statistics Fundamentals

Question 1

What is Relative Frequency?

Answer 1

The frequency of a given interval as part of the total.

Question 2

What is calculation of Relative Frequency?

Answer 2

Frequency / Total Frequency

Question 3

What is a Histogram used for?

Answer 3

It’s a graph used to represent numerical data

Question 4

How is a Histogram different from a Bar Chart?

Answer 4

Histogram’s vertical and horizontal axis is numerical whereas a Bar Chart only is only numerical in the vertical axis.

Question 5

In a Histogram, what do the X and Y axis represent?

Answer 5

X axis represents intervals

Y axis represents frequencies

Question 6

What two ways can you classify data?

Answer 6

1. Categorical - categories or groups

2. Numerical - discrete and continuous numbers

Question 7

What are some examples of categorical data types?

Answer 7

1. Car brands - Toyota, Lexus, Ford

2. Yes and No questions - Do you own a car? Are you employed?

Question 8

What is a discrete number, and what are some examples of them?

Answer 8

Discrete numbers are counted in a finite manner.

1. The number of children you want to have
2. The number of houses you want
3. Grades at school: A, B, C, D - 0 to 100%
4. Number of objects are integer values

Question 9

What is a continuous number, and what are some examples of them?

Answer 9

Infinite and impossible to count.

1. Your weight can take on any value of some range - it can vary by such small amounts - 150, 150.01, 150.00345
2. Height
3. Distance
4. Time - Time on a clock is discrete, but time in general is continuous

Question 10

What are the two levels of measurement?

Answer 10

1. Qualitative - Nominal and Ordinal

2. Quantitative - Interval and Ratio

Question 11

What is a nominal measurement and what are examples of them?

Answer 11

These are not numbers and cannot be ordered.

1. Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn
2. Mercedes, BMW, Audi

Question 12

What is an ordinal measurement and what are examples of them?

Answer 12

Groups and categories that follow a strict order.
1. Ratings of lunch: Disgusting, unappetizing, neutral, tasty, delicious
These are ordered from negative to positive.

I.e. measurement is qualitative, ordinal

Question 13

What is an interval measurement and what are examples of them?

Answer 13

Doesn’t have a true 0. Cannot represent a ratio of things.

Temperature: Today is 5 Celsius or 41 Fahrenheit. Yesterday was 10 Celsius and 50 Fahrenheit.

It’s not. The problem lies because 0 Celsius and 0 Fahrenheit are no true zeros

Question 14

What is a ratio measurement and what are examples of them?

Answer 14

Has a true zero.

I have 2 apples, and you have 6 apples. You have 3 times as many as I do.

Number of objects in general, distance, time, and Kelvin.