3.6 Human Resources Flashcards
What are human resource objectives?
Targets that the function of a business responsible for all employee related issues which want to be achieved in a given time period
What is included in the HR objectives?
- employee engagement and involvement
- talent development
- training
- diversity
- alignment of values
- number, skills and location of employees
What are the 6 parts of talent development (ring)
- succession planning
- needs / talent planning
- recruitment / selection
- orientation / onboarding
- skill development
- performance evaluation
What are alignment of values?
What can it lead to?
- bringing the core values or beliefs of all employees together to focus on achieving a common aim
- strong corporate culture where all employees fit into ‘the way we do thing around here’
What are 2 internal influences on HR?
- objectives of organisation
- objectives of other departments
What are 4 external influences of HR?
- work force skills and availability
- number of school leavers and graduates
- skills shortages v. skills surplus
- demographics e.g. ageing population, immigrants
What are 2 technology influences on HR?
- capital intensity
- skills
What are market conditions in HR?
- growth, static or decline
- consumer habits
What are political factors in HR?
UK
- minimum wage
- age discrimination
EU
- work time directives
- paternity leave
What are social factors in HR?
Family commitments
- mother’s returning to work
- single parents
Student working to fund uni
What is Hard Human Resource Management?
- staff treated as resources and must be managed
Control of mechanisms:
- judgemental appraisals
- centralised decision making
- tell organisational structure
- fixed term contracts
- minimum wage
- external recruitment
What is Soft Human Resources Management?
- staff are treated as an asset to the business that can contribute and help achieve objectives
Opportunities for staff development:
- training
- talent development
- internal promotions
- empowerment
- consultation autonomy and responsibility
- flatter organisational structure
Calculation for labour productivity?
LP = Output
————————————
Number of workers
Calculate labour cost per unit?
LCPU=
Total labour costs
———————————————
Number of units produced
Calculate labour turnover?
%
LT =
Number of staff leaving
———————————————x100
Total number of staff
Calculate absenteeism
%
A=
Number of staff absent per time period —————————————————————————— Total number of staff days worked per time period
X100
Give three non financial incentives
Briefly, what are they?
Job enrichment - gives employees more responsibility and different complexity in tasks
+ can use abilities to fullest
Job enlargement - job is unchanged, employee can carry out additional tasks
- can sometimes be seen as a requirement to do more work for the same pay
Empowerment and team working - giving greater control over employees working lives. Organised into teams to plan work and solve their own problems
Give 6 financial incentives
- piecework (price rates), amount produced = amount paid
- performance-related pay (PRP), pay varies on performance
- profit sharing, when employees receive a direct share of profits
- share ownership, owning of shares in a company
- fringe benefits, rewards not affecting salary
- salary, fixed regular payment on a monthly basis
Who was Frederick Winslow Taylor?
- believe in ‘scientific management’
- people are motivated by money
- ideas linked to price rate, the division of labour and mass production
Who was Abraham Harold Maslow?
- belongs to the non-human relations of school of management
- hierarchy of needs
- employees are motivated by being presented with the opportunity for the next level
What’s in the hierarchy of needs?
Top: self actualisation (self fulfilment needs)
Middle: esteem needs + belongingness and love needs (psychological needs)
Last: safety needs, psychological needs-water,food,warmth,rest (basic needs)
Who was Fredrick Irving Herzberg?
- introduced the notion of job enrichment
- job satisfaction is a key factor leading to motivation
- if present do not lead to motivation but if absent lead to dissatisfaction
Who was George Elton Mayo?
- conducted Hawthorne experiments
- believe people were motivated by social needs
What was the Hawthorn experiments?
Split two groups to see the impacts of various incentives (e.g rest pauses)
What alternatives to recruiting might a company use?
- job sharing
- change staff job role
- temporary workers
- re-train existing staff
- outsourcing
What is the recruitment process?
- Vacancy
- Job descriptions
- Person specification
- Drafting and placing advertisement
- Issuing application forms / requesting CV’s
- Short-listing
- Interviews
- Selection and appointment
Name 4 places a company can advertise a job
- their website
- social media
- tv advertising
- recruitment agency
What is the Heckman and Oldham job characteristics model?
Based on the belief that the task itself is key to employee motivation
What are the 5 segments in the Heckman and Oldham characteristics model?
Briefly, what are they?
Self variety - how many skills does a job require, do they do many different things?
Task identity - is there a clear beginning, middle and end? Does the employee know what to do?
Task significance - does it impact people’s lives? Is it meaningful / make a difference?
Autonomy - how much freedom does the employee have to complete the task? Do they get to problem solve or is it black and white?
Job feedback - is the employee kept in the loop about their performance?
What is an organisational structure?
The way in which a workforce within a firm is analysed
What is an organisational chart?
A visual representation of the organisational structure
What does delegation mean?
The assignment of authority to another person
Normal manager to subordinate
