36 - Animal Reproduction and Development Flashcards
Genetic variation
Adaptation to environment
Energy cost
Sexual Reproduction
No need to find a mate
Reproduce quickly
Offspring genetically identical
Asexual Reproduction
Budding
A fully formed new individual grows from the parent
Fission
Individual tears itself in half (has all parts (organs, tissue, limbs, ect…)
Fragmentation + Regeneration
Tears itself into two pieces and regenerates missing parts (organs, cells, limbs, ect…)
Pathogenesis
Development of an egg that is not fertilized (Lizard, Ants, Bees, Wasps)
-Some species lose the male gender
-Eggs haploid
-Chromosomal replication
-Haploid male / Diploid Female
Hermaphroditic
Produce eggs and sperm (Tropical Fish, Seas Slugs, Earth Worms)
May switch gender to produce another gamete
-Change gender to dominate species gender if parent opposite parent dies
External Fertilization
Eggs -> Sperm released into the environment
Water/moisture is essential to external fert (AQUATIC)
Internal Fertilization
Sperm deposited in the female reproductive tract
-Fertilized eggs can be deposited into he environment or may internally gestate
-Females provide an appropriate environment (don’t need to be wet in the environment)
Advantages
Environmental moisture does not need to reproduce.
Reduce predation for the fetus
Choose Mate / Selection
Disadvantages
Dangerous Females
Energy Cost
Find Mate
Internal
Advantages
Lots of offspring
Energy efficient
Large Diversity
Disadvantages
Offspring Morality
Can’t produce without moisture/water
External
