354 final chap 11

Question 1

certain populations in the U.S face greater challenges in accessing health care which leads to..

Answer 1

greater risk of poorer health

Question 2

main causes of unequal health services

Answer 2

unequal social, economic, health, and geographic locations

Question 3

great barriers for those groups

Answer 3

access, finance, and racial/cultural acceptance

Question 4

vulnerability

Answer 4

the likelihood of experiencing poor health issues or illness

Question 5

vulnerability framework 3 factors

Answer 5

predisposing, enabling, and need

Question 6

predisposing

Answer 6

factors that predispose people to use health care (demographics, race, education, location, and health beliefs)

Question 7

enabling

Answer 7

personal or financial resources that influence use of health care (income, insurance status, and social support)

Question 8

need

Answer 8

perceived and evaluated illness (ADL, IADL, chronic diseases, mental health, self-rated)

Question 9

all 3 affect one’s

Answer 9

access to health care, quality of care, and health outcomes

Question 10

african american

Answer 10

short life expectancies, low birth weight infants, high infant mortality rate, high hypertension rates, diabetes

Question 11

hispanics

Answer 11

youngest, lower education, high unemployment, uninsured, and seek less preventative care

Question 12

asian

Answer 12

diverse subgroups, lowest smoking rate

Question 13

AI/AN

Answer 13

largely rural, bottom of SES, shorter life expectancies, higher rates of alcohol abuse, diabetes, homicide/suicide

Question 14

racism in health care is rooted in

Answer 14

systemic and institutionalized racism

Question 15

racism takes form of

Answer 15

racial microaggressions and underrepresentation

Question 16

ethical minorities are more likely than whites to lack

Answer 16

health insurance

Question 17

cost of uncompensated care

Answer 17

$85 billion

Question 18

women

Answer 18

longer life expectancies than men (about 5 years) but morbidity and poorer health outcomes, higher obesity/overweight

Question 19

women have disadvantage in….because…

Answer 19

obtaining employer-based insurance b/c they are more likely to work part-time, receive lower wages, and have interrupted work histories (pregnancy)

Question 20

homeless have high prevalence of

Answer 20

acute and chronic medical issues, mental health, substance abuse problems, and higher hospitalization

Question 21

% of children with special health care need

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

% of children who are below poverty level

Answer 22

18% (13 million)

Question 23

children’s health is impacted by

Answer 23

developmental vulnerability and dependency

Question 24

rural are less likely to

Answer 24

utilize health services

Question 25

rural access is affected by…

Answer 25

poverty, long distances, topography, lack of transportation, shortage of professionals, and less insurance coverage

Question 26

1 in … adults experience mental illness per year

Answer 26

1/5 - but the rate is even higher for children

Question 27

most mental health services are provided in

Answer 27

general medical sector

Question 28

barriers of mental health services

Answer 28

high costs and shortage of professionals

Question 29

leading causes of death in the U.S (chronic diseases)

Answer 29

heart disease, cancer, stroke

Question 30

majority of U.S health care costs

Answer 30

treatment for chronic diseases (86% - 2.9 trillion)

Question 31

results in disability increases with…

Answer 31

age

Question 32

much burden of chronic diseases come from

Answer 32

modifiable risk behaviors - diet, physical activity, smoking/drinking