3.5.2 Producing Alcohols Flashcards
1
Q
How does the production of alcohols via STEAM work?
A
- Electrophilic addition of alkene
- Heat
- Concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst or H3PO4
1
Q
How can we produce alcohols?
A
- Electrophilic addition to alkenes with steam with concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst
- Oxidation of alkenes with H2O with KMnO4 as an oxidising agent
- Nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes with heat and aqueous NaOH
- Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones using BaBH4 or LiAlH4 (aldehydes reduced to primary alcohols, ketones reduced to secondary alcohols)
- Reduction of carboxylic acids using NaBH4 or LiAlH4, or using H2 + heat + nickel catalyst
- Hydrolysis of Esters by hydrolysis + heat with dilute acid or alkali
2
Q
How does the production of alcohols via WATER work?
A
- Oxidation
- Cold, dilute KMnO4
- Shake
- DIOL IS FORMED
3
Q
How does the production of alcohols via HALOAKLANES work?
A
- Nucleophilic substitution of haloalkane
- With aqueous NaOH
- Heat
4
Q
How does the production of alcohols via Aldehydes and Ketones work?
A
- NaBH4 or LiAlH4
- Primary or secondary alcohols formed
5
Q
How does the production of alcohols via CARBOXYLIC ACIDS work?
A
- NaBH4 or LiAlH4
OR - H2 + Nickel Catalyst
- FORMS PRIMARY ALCOHOL
6
Q
How does the production of alcohols via ESTERS work?
A
- Hydrolysis (Ester is formed from OH + COOH, so hydrolysis breaks ester bond forming alcohol and carboxylic acid)
- Using dilute acid or alkali
- Heat
