351B Midterm Flashcards

Question

Stradella

Answer 1

Known for contrasts between loud and soft and big and little in opera overtures

Answer 2

Venetian composer who developed the standard pattern for concertos Three mvt plan in the order F-S-F taken over from the Italian opera overture.

Answer 3

600+ concerto 1703-1740 Vivaldi worked at a oespedale pieta - convent school- conservatories in Venice He was a teacher an incredible virtuoso violinist composer and educator Very well known composer of operas By the time he dies you can hear glimmers of the classic style

Answer 4

From Venice to Naples and Rome

Answer 5

Sheidt-> buxtehude-> bach

Answer 6

("Through Adams fall all is spoiled") From orgelbüchlein A series of single statement melodies for students to harmonize Intended to bring out the affections and meaning of text Tune in soprano heard all through without gaps Word painting with downward leaps "the fall" Left hand portrays serpent

Answer 7

Theme and variations and suites 1st sonatas French clung to these forms

Answer 8

Teacher composer virtuoso Defines the from the middle and high baroque in France 4 big books of harpsichord pieces 200+ Wrote a book L'art de toucher le clavecin Pioneered stile galant- perferred taste of the court in France More regular periodic phrases Influences early classic composers

Answer 9

Suites with lots of mvts added in | Instead of using traditional suite names they used fanciful titles or character pieces "the flea"

Answer 10

Keyboard suite La visionare big organ hits in the beginning -ordres "La muse victorieuse" is in a highly developed binary form * not in sonata form forshadows sonata form Fuller more melodic style more homophony

Answer 11

Bach New way of tuning things Keyboard books 2books 24 pieces for each key

Answer 12

Composed in final decade of bachs life Systematically demonstrated all types of fugal writing Written in score though intended for keyboard performance 18 cannons and fugues in the strictest style

Answer 13

Raised the genre of keyboard variations 30 variations preserve the bass and harmonic structure of the theme, a sarabande Last variation is quodlibet

Answer 14

Combining two popular song melodies in counterpoint above the bass theme.

Answer 15

Contains a three and six part ricercare for keyboard and ten canons, all based on a theme proposed by Frederick the great of Prussia

Answer 16

A semidramatic piece for several singers and small orchestra, usually written for a special occasion. Stradella was one of the first to write serenatas.

Answer 17

Most common instrumentation after 1670 for both and chamber sonatas was two treble instruments, usually violins, with basso continuo It's called this because of its three part texture

Answer 18

Emphasized lyricism over virtuosity. Rarely used extremely high or low notes, fast runs, or difficult double stops. Two violins treated exactly alike, frequently cross and exchange music

Answer 19

Steadily moving pattern of eighth notes, under free imitation between the violins.

Answer 20

There are extended passages for the soloist, framed by ritornello that appears at the beginning and end of the movement and recurs, in abbreviated form and in a different key, between the two solo passages. The solos present entirely new material, often exploiting the virtuosity of the soloist, and modulate to closely related keys, providing contrast and variety. The return of the ritornello then offers stability and resolution. Torelli's approach was developed by Vivaldi into ritornello form. Mosaic of themes No a or b in ritornello form

Answer 21

Ritornellos for the full orchestra alternate with episodes for the soloist(s). The opening ritornello is composed of several small units, typically two to four measures in length, some of which may be repeated or varied. These segments can be separated from each other or combined in new ways without losing their identity as the ritornello Ritornello act as guide posts to the tonal structure, reinforcing the key. Solo episodes modulate keys.

Answer 22

Best known orchestral works Six Brandenburg concertos Dedicated to margrave of Brandenburg Used three mvt Italian concerto style and ritornello forms. He develops the ritornello material Dialogue between soloist and orchestra within episodes

Answer 23

Orchestral music written in 1730 when he directed the Leipzig collegium musicum Made up of mostly university students. Founded by Telemann

Answer 24

Organist and composer | Worked for rich noble man la poupliniere

Answer 25

Sets out all basic tenants of common practice tonality | He invents the words tonic and dominant

Answer 26

Each chord has a fundamental tone, equivalent in most cases to what is today called its root. In a series of chords, the succession of these fundamental times is the fundamental bass.

Answer 27

Hippolyte et Aricie Produced in Paris Criticized by Lullistes For not being like Lully's operas The war between the ramisites and Lullistes gained Rameau fame.

Answer 28

Rameau and the tradegie lyrique -Important in 18th century France- accused of overthrowing Lully- overtures had material heard later in opera- kept French core but expanded on Lully Recitative oblige- orchestra converses w/singer Very large independent orchestra Active harmonically- non tonic chord should carry dissonance-melodies outline chords

Answer 29

Orchestra converses w/singer.

Answer 30

Orthodox Lutheran centers provided a favorable environment for developing the sacred concerto. The back bone was the concerted vocal ensemble on a biblical text, as established by schein, schütz ``` Organ music filled dead air Helped congregational singing All composers were influenced by frescobaldi Northern Germany favored fugal writing Most elaborate fugues linked to tocattas ```

Answer 31

Only complete setting of the catholic mass ordinary Composed from music he had composed earlier He adapted some of the other sections from contata movements Throughout the work he juxtaposed contrasting styles

Answer 32

Wrote two passions St. John passion and St. Matthew passion Employ recitatives, arias, ensembles, choruses, chorales sung by the chorus, and orchestral accompaniment. Tenor narrates the biblical story in recitative Soloist play the part of Jesus

Answer 33

``` Giulio Cesare- opera seria All abut dry recitative, accompanied recitative Lots of da capo arias Came to London to write Italian opera Wrote 41 opera for England ``` Beggers opera - beginning of the end for Italian opera in England Handel patterned the overture and dance music after French models, composed most of the Aria in the Italian manner, and incorporated erman elements in the counter point and orchestration.

Answer 34

``` In English Arias, recitatives lots of choruses based on Old Testament themes Cheaper but not staged No costumes "Saul" oratorio ``` Nothing was equaled to Dublin's "messiah" He gave oratorios choruses First oratorio was Esther

Answer 35

Introduced anew kind of sacred work for musical setting which he called by the Italian term cantata Added poetic text, intended to be set as recitatives, arias, and ariosos, that brought home the meaning of the day's gospel reading.

Answer 36

Vivaldi Concerto grosso Comes from l'estro armonico- Collection of concerti- made him internationally famous

Answer 37

Couperin Keyboard suite Not in sonata form Forshadows sonata form

Answer 38

``` Rameau Opera From the tragedie lyrique Libretto pellegrin Revived French opera Lots of chorus ```

Answer 39

``` Bach Cantata Polyphonic heavily orchestrated Ritornello form Modeled around the form of a chorale ```

Answer 40

``` Handel Opera seria About Julius ceasar All about dry recitative accompanied recitative Lots of da capo arias ```

Answer 41

``` Handel Oratorio In English About king Saul jealous fury for david Not staged No costumes Arias Based on Old Testament ```