3.5 finishing tecchniques

Question 1

wood finishes

a

Answer 1

paint

varnish

sealants

preservatives

Question 2

metal finishes

b

Answer 2

anodising

electroplating

powder coating

oil coating

galvanisation

cathodic protection

Question 3

paper finishes

c

Answer 3

laminating

varnishing

hot foil blocking

embossing

Question 4

paint

advantages

disadvantages

a

Answer 4

 Gives protection as a surface coating.
 Protects from weathering
 Provides a colourful and decorative effect.
 Available in tins and spray cams.
 Can be dipped for quick coverage.

 Preparation required
 Many coats may be needed
 Some materials will need repainting on a regular basis.

Question 5

varnish

advantages

disadvantages

a

Answer 5

 Indoor or outdoor uses.
 Shows off the natural finish of the material.
 Tints can be applied to alter the colour of the wood.

 Preparation required.
 Regular maintenance may be required.
 Sanding required between coats.

Question 6

sealants

advantages

disadvantages

a

Answer 6

 Dries quickly.
 Seals the surface of the material or finish.
 Can be made or pre-mixed?

 Preparation required.

Question 7

preservatives

advantages

disadvantages

a

Answer 7

 Preserves the wood from insect attack and weathering.

 May contain VOCs

Question 8

anodising
advantages

disadvantages

b

Answer 8

 Durable and will not flake.
 Easy to maintain.
 Ease of fabrication.
 Colour sustainability

 Limited colour selection

Question 9

electroplating
advantages

disadvantages

b

Answer 9

 Corrosion resistance
 Decorative
 Cheaper ornaments
 Improving mechanical characteristics

 Non-uniform plating
 Cost: the process is costly and time-consuming.
 Pollution potential: the electroplating solution, after use, needs to be disposed off safely and is a cause of
environmental concern.

Question 10

powder coating
advantages

disadvantages

b

Answer 10

 High quality
 Durable finish
 Range of colours
 100% in material use – no waste.

 Difficult to obtain a thin film
 Slow colour change

Question 11

oil coating
advantages

disadvantages

b

Answer 11

 Rust prevention

 Temporary
 Needs to be removed before other treatments are
used.

Question 12

galvanisation
advantages

disadvantages

b

Answer 12

 Forms a barrier that prevents corrosive substances
 Scratch protection

 It Will wear off eventually

Question 13

cathodic protection
advantages

disadvantages

b

Answer 13

 Simple
 Reliable
 Low installation costs for short term protection
 applied to existing structures to prolong their life

 Response to varying operating conditions is limited

Question 14

laminating
advantages

disadvantages

c

Answer 14

 Good gloss
 Strength
 Low cost
 Surface
protection

 Water ingress through the sides, as they are not sealed
(unless encapsulated)

Question 15

varnishing
advantages

disadvantages

c

Answer 15

 UV dies instantly
 Gloss finish
 High impact
 Added value
 Can spot varnish for impact

 Can take an hour to dry is not UV varnish.
 UV varnishing is expensive (set up costs)

Question 16

hot foil blocking
advantages

disadvantages

c

Answer 16

 Stands out
 Premium branding
 Creates a Bespoke feel
 Gives of a professional look
 Enhances your design
 100% opaque

 Added cost
 Not very cost-efficient
 Hard to get right
 Image can spread
 Limited colours
 Requires special press tools to be made

Question 17

embossing
advantages

disadvantages

c

Answer 17

 Creates dimensional depth and detail
 Gives visual and tactile effect

 Adds cost to the printing job
 Thin serifs do not emboss well

Question 18

anodising

b

Answer 18

Anodising is an electrolytic process
used to increase the thickness of the
the natural oxide layer on the surface of
metal parts.

Question 19

electroplating

b

Answer 19

Electroplating is the process of plating
one metal onto another by hydrolysis,
most commonly for decorative
purposes or to prevent corrosion of a
metal.

Question 20

powder coating

b

Answer 20

Powder coating is a dry finishing

process. Used as functional
(protective) and decorative finishes.

Question 21

oil coating

b

Answer 21

metal surfaces which require to be
protected until brought into use, or
receive inter-stage protection prior to
further assembly or processing. They
maybe finished metallic parts, which
need to receive some form of
protection from corrosion during
shipping or storage or they may require
some form of protection from corrosion
whilst in use.

Question 22

galvanising

b

Answer 22

Galvanisation is the process of applying
a protective zinc coating to iron or steel,
to prevent rusting. The most common
the method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which
steel sections are submerged in a bath
of molten zinc.

Question 23

cathodic protection

b

Answer 23

Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique
used to control the corrosion of a metal
surface by making it the cathode of an
electrochemical cell. A simple method of
protection connects the metal to be
protected to a more easily corroded
"sacrificial metal" to act as the anode.
The sacrificial metal then corrodes
instead of the protected metal.

Question 24

Laminating

c

Answer 24

Laminating applies a transparent plastic film to the

the surface of the paper and board.

Question 25

Varnishes

c

Answer 25

Fine varnish can be sprayed on to the surface of card.
When dry this gives a gloss finish and helps protect
the printing underneath.

Other additives can be used e.g.
 UV sparkle varnish – includes metallic flakes
 Fragrance burst inks – for ‘scratch and sniff’
 Silver latex – for scratching off

Question 26

hot foil blocking

c

Answer 26

In its simplest form, Foil Block Printing (sometimes
called Hot Foil Stamping) is where a pre-glued
metallic foil is pressed by a heated die, into the
the surface of a material.

Question 27

embossing

c

Answer 27

Embossing and debossing are the processes of
creating either raised or recessed relief images and
designs in paper and other materials. An embossed
the pattern is raised against the background, while a
the debossed pattern is sunken into the surface of the
material