35, 36, 38 Flashcards
Which of the following structures is not part of the upper respiratory tract?
a. trachea
b. larynx
c. oropharynx
d. nose
A. Trachea
Which part of the respiratory system does not function as an air distributor?
a. trachea
b. bronchioles
c. alveoli
d. bronchi
C. Alveoli
Which sequence is the correct pathway for air movement through the nose and into the pharynx?
a. anterior nares, posterior nares, vestibule, nasal
cavity meatuses
b. anterior nares, vestibule, posterior nares, nasal
cavity meatuses
c. nasal cavity meatuses, anterior nares, vestibule,
posterior nares
d. anterior nares, vestibule, nasal cavity meatuses,
D. Anterior nares, vestibule, nasal cavity meatuses, posterior nares
Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus?
a. frontal
b. maxillary
c. mandibular
d. sphenoid
C. Mandibular
The true vocal cords and the rima glottidis are called the:
a. glottis.
b. epiglottis.
c. vestibular fold.
d. both a and b.
A. Glottis
True or false:
Failure of the palatine bones to unite is called cribriform palate.
False
True or false:
The pharynx is a tubelike structure that opens only into the mouth and larynx.
False
True or false
Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils are called adenoids.
True
True or false
The more common name for the thyroid cartilage is the voice box.
False
True or false
The epiglottis moves up and down during swallowing to prevent food or liquids from entering the trachea.
True
Aspirated objects tend to lodge in the:
a. right bronchus.
b. left bronchus.
c. either right or left bronchus.
d. none of the above.
A. Right bronchus
The fluid coating the alveoli that reduces surface tension is called:
a. bronchus.
b. surfactant.
c. alveolus.
d. none of the above.
B. Surfactant
Which of the following is not an area of the lungs?
a. oblique fissure
b. horizontal fissure
c. superior fissure
d. hilum
C. Superior fissure
Which of the following is false?
a. When the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to a
domelike shape.
b. When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the floor
of the thoracic cavity downward.
c. Changes in thorax size bring about inspiration
and expiration.
d. Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.
D. Raising the ribs decrease the depth and width of the thorax
True or false:
The rings of cartilage that form the trachea are complete rings that prevent it from collapsing and shutting off the vital airway.
False
True or false:
The trachea divides into symmetrical primary bronchi.
False
True or false:
A tube is often placed in the trachea before a patient leaves the operating room, especially if he or she has had a muscle relaxant.
True
True or false:
The left lung is divided into three lobes by horizontal and oblique fissures.
False
True or false:
The apex of each lung is lateral and inferior.
False
True or false:
The exchange of gases between air and blood occurs in the alveoli.
True
True or false:
LVRS is the treatment of choice for emphysema.
False
True or false:
The barrier across which gases are exchanged between alveolar air and blood is called the respiratory membrane.
True
True or false:
Prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke can paralyze respiratory cilia.
True
True or false:
The visceral pleura lines the entire thoracic cavity.
False
Malignancy of pulmonary tissue?
D. Lung cancer
Very serious, chronic, and highly contagious infection?
Tuberculosis
Displacement of the nasal septum?
B. Deviated septum
A common infection of the lower respiratory tract characterized by acute inflammation of the bronchial tree
Acute bronchitis
Nosebleed?
Epistaxis
An inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity?
Rhinitis
Sore throat?
Pharyngitis
Difficulty breathing with a harsh, vibrating cough?
Croup
Warms and humidifies air?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Nose
Air and food pass through here?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Pharynx
Sinuses?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Nose
Conchae?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Nose
Septum?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Nose
Tonsils?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Pharynx
Middle ear infection?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Pharynx
Epiglottis?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Larynx
Rhinitis?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Nose
Soar throat?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Pharynx
Epistaxis?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Nose
The organs of the respiratory system are designed to perform two basic functions. They serve as an (46) ________________ _________________ and as a (47) ________________ ________________.
- ) air distributor
47. ) gas exchange
In addition to the above, the respiratory system (48) ________________, (49) ________________, and (50) ________________ the air we breathe.
- ) filters
- ) warms
- ) humidifies
Respiratory organs include the (51) ________________, (52) ________________, (53) ________________, (54) ________________, (55) ________________, and the (56) ________________.
- ) nose
- ) pharynx
- ) larynx
- ) tranches
- ) bronchi
- ) lungs
The respiratory system ends in millions of tiny, thin-walled sacs called (57) ________________.
Alveoli
(58)________________ of gases takes place in these sacs. Two aspects of the structure of these sacs assist them in the exchange of gases.
Exchange
First, an extremely thin membrane, the (59) ________________ ________________, allows for easy exchange and second, the large number of air sacs makes an enormous (60)__________ area.
- ) respiratory membrane
69. ) surface
Boyle’s law states that:
a. fluids move from areas of high pressure to low.
b. the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to
its pressure.
c. the atmosphere exerts a pressure of 760 mm Hg.
d. volume is directly proportional to temperature.
B. The volume if a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
When the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thorax increases, thoracic pressure:
a. increases, and air is forced from the lungs.
b. decreases, and air is forced from the lungs.
c. decreases, and air rushes into the lungs.
d. increases, and air rushes into the lungs.
C. Decreases, and air rushes into the lungs
Quiet inspiration is the function of:
a. the diaphragm and the internal intercostal
muscles.
b. the diaphragm and the external intercostal
muscles.
c. the internal intercostal and external intercostal
muscles.
d. none of the above.
B. The diaphragm and the external intercostal
muscles.
During normal, quiet respiration, the amount of air exchanged between the lungs and atmosphere is called ________ and has a volume of ______ mL.
a. tidal volume; 1200
b. vital capacity; 4500
c. tidal volume; 500
d. residual volume; 1200
C. Tidal volume; 500
Functional residual capacity (FRC) equals:
a. TV + IRV.
b. TV+IRV+ERV+RV.
c. TV+IRV+ERV.
d. ERV + RV.
D. ERV + RV.
Eupnea is a term used to describe:
a. rapid, deep respiration.
b. cessation of respiration.
c. slow, shallow respiration.
d. normal breathing.
D. Normal breathing
Under normal conditions, air in the atmosphere exerts a pressure of:
a. 500 mm Hg.
b. 560 mm Hg.
c. 660 mm Hg.
d. 760 mm Hg.
D. 760 mm Hg.
Areas where gas exchange cannot take place are:
a. anatomical dead spaces.
b. nose, pharynx, larynx.
c. trachea and bronchi.
d. all of the above.
D. All of the above
All of the following are regulated processes associated with the functioning of the respiratory system except:
a. control of cell reproduction.
b. gas exchange in lungs and tissue.
c. pulmonary ventilation.
d. transport of gases.
A. Control of cell reproduction
Dalton’s law is also known as:
a. Henry’s law.
b. Boyle’s law.
c. Charles’ law.
d. the law of partial pressures.
D. The law of partial pressures
True or false:
Temperature is the measurement of the motion of molecules.
True
True or false:
The largest amount of air that can enter and leave the lungs during respiration is termed total lung capacity (TLC).
False
True or false: Residual volume (RV) is the volume remaining in the respiratory tract after maximum expiration.
True
True or false:
The temporary cessation of breathing is termed apnea.
True
True or false:
It is not possible to exhale all of the air from your lungs.
True
The ability of the lungs and thorax to stretch, referred to as ____________, is essential to normal respiration.
Compliance
Intrapleural pressure is always less, or “negative,” with respect to alveolar pressure. The difference is called the _________________ _______________.
Transpulmonary pressure
Tidal volume multiplied by the respiratory rate yields the ___________ ______________
Total minute volume
The constant alternation between inspiration and expiration is called the ____________ ______________.
Respiratory cycle
The basic rhythm of the respiratory cycle of inspiration and expiration seems to be generated by the _____________ ____________ ________________.
Medullary rhythmicity area
_______________ or ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ is a broad term used to describe conditions of progressive, irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow.
COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
____________________ results from excessive tracheobronchial secretions that obstruct air flow.
Bronchitis
____________________ may result from the progression of chronic bronchitis or other conditions as air becomes trapped within alveoli, causing them to enlarge and eventually rupture.
Emphysema
____________________ is an obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages.
Asthma
__________ __________ __________ _____________ is sometimes called “crib death” because it occurs most frequently in babies with no obvious medical problems who are younger than 3 months of age.
Sudden infant death syndrome
The term that means the same thing as breathing is: a. gas exchange.
b. respiration.
c. inspiration.
d. pulmonary ventilation.
D. Pulmonary ventilation
Which of the following does not occur during inspiration?
a. elevation of the ribs
b. the diaphragm relaxes
c. alveolar pressure decreases
d. chest cavity becomes longer from top to bottom
B. The diaphragm relaxes
A young adult male would have a vital capacity of about ________ mL.
a. 500
b. 1200
c. 3300
d. 4800
D. 4800
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume is known as the:
a. total lung capacity.
b. vital capacity.
c. inspiratory reserve volume.
d. expiratory reserve volume.
D. Expiratory
Which one of the following is correct?
a. VC=TV−IRV+ERV
b. VC=TV+IRV−ERV
c. VC=TV+IRVxERV
d. VC=TV+IRV+ERV
D. VC=TV+IRV+ERV
The diving reflex:
a. explains why some people can hold their breath
for extended periods while under water.
b. is responsible for the astonishing recovery of
near-drowning victims in cold water.
c. forces a submerged individual to exhale prior to
surfacing.
d. both a and c.
B. Is responsible for the astonishing recovery of near-drowning victims in cold water
True or false:
Air in the pleural space of the thoracic
cavity is called a pneumothorax.
True
True or false:
A deficiency of surfactant in premature
infants is called SIDS.
False
True or false:
Cheyne-Stokes is characterized by repeated
sequences of deep gasps and apnea.
False
True or false:
Exercise physiologists use maximum oxygen consumption as a predictor of a person’s capacity to do aerobic exercise.
True
Tidal volume? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
E. Normal exhalation volume
Inspiratory reserve volume? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
C. Approximately 3300 mL
Pneumothorax? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
A. Collapsed lung
Physiologic dead space? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
F. Increased in emphysema
Oxygen pressure? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
D. PO2
Surfactant? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
B. Reduces surface tension in lungs
Apneusis? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
I. Cessation of breathing
Chemoreceptors? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
Hering-Breuer reflexes? A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
G. Helps control respiration
CO2 A. Collapsed lung B. Reduces surface tension in lungs C. Approximately 3300 mL D. PO2 E. Normal exhalation volume F. Increased in emphysema G. Helps control respiration H. Respiratory stimulating I. Cessation of breathing J. Sensitive to change in arterial CO2 and pH
H. Respiratory stimulating
Starting from the deepest layer and moving toward the most superficial, the layers of the wall of the GI tract are:
a. mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscularis.
b. submucosa, mucosa, muscularis, serosa.
c. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.
d. submucosa, serosa, muscularis, mucosa.
C. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
The serosa is actually:
a. parietal peritoneum.
b. visceral peritoneum.
c. mesentery.
d. none of the above.
B. Visceral peritoneum
True or false:
Gastrointestinal tract and alimentary canal are often used synonymously?
True
True or false:
The tissue layers of the GI tract are constant, with no variation in the different organs.
False
Mouth?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
A. GI tract segment
Jejunum?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
A. GI tract system
Cecum?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory tract organ
A. GI tract segment
Pancreas?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
B. Accessory organ
Teeth?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
B. Accessory organ
Liver?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
B. Accessory organ
Salivary glands?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory gland
B. Accessory gland
Vermiform appendix?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
B. Accessory gland
Oropharynx?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
A. GI tract segment
Sigmoid colon?
A. GI tract segment
B. Accessory organ
A. GI tract segment
The hard palate consists of portions of:
a. three bones: two maxillae and one palatine.
b. two bones: one maxillae and one palatine.
c. three bones: one maxillae and two palatine.
d. four bones: two maxillae and two palatine.
D. Four bones: two maxillae and two palatine
Which of the following is an accurate description of salivary glands?
a. There are four pairs of salivary glands.
b. They secrete about 1 liter of saliva per day.
c. They are associated with buccal glands, which
secrete about 50% of the saliva.
d. Both b and c are true.
B. They secrete about 1 liter of saliva per day
The crown of a tooth is covered with:
a. dentin.
b. cementum.
c. enamel.
d. alveolar bone.
C. Enamel
Teeth that do not appear as deciduous teeth are:
a. incisors.
b. canines.
c. second molars.
d. premolars.
D. Premolars
The act of swallowing moves a mass of food called a ______ from the mouth to the stomach.
a. dentin
b. bolus
c. fauces
d. philtrum
B. Bolus
True or false:
A typical tooth can be divided into three main parts: crown, neck, and root?
True
True or false:
The philtrum is a fold of mucous membrane that helps anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
False
True or false:
The philtrum is a fold of mucous membrane that helps anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
False
True or false:
There are 20 deciduous teeth and 30 permanent teeth.
False
True or false:
The act of swallowing is termed deglutition.
False
True or false:
The act of swallowing is termed deglutition.
True
True or false:
The soft palate forms a partition between
the mouth and oropharynx.
False
Which of the following statements is not true of the esophagus?
a. It extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
b. It lies anterior to the trachea and posterior to the
heart.
c. It resides in both the thoracic and abdominal
cavities.
d. It pierces the diaphragm.
B. It lies anterior to the trachea and posterior to the heart
Which of the following controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine?
a. pylorus
b. cardiac sphincter
c. duodenal bulb
d. pyloric sphincter
D. Pyloric sphincter
