3.5 Flashcards
who developed wave mechanics
schrodinger
what is the schrodinger equation usually used to calculate
the wavefunction (psi)
what symbol i used for wavefunction
psi (trident looking fella)
which section of the schrodinger equation is about potential energy
EPE psi
which section of the schrodinger equation is about total energy
E psi
which section of the cshrodinger equation is about kinetic energy
partial derivative section in the brackets
what do teh differentials in the shrodinger equation mean
they show changes to wavefunction in relation to distance from the nucleus for each of the three axis when the other two axis are constant
what molecules can the schrodinger equation itself solve for
two-body problems like hydrogen and helium ion ect.
atoms with a nucleus and one electron
who suggested how wavefunction can be a measurable property
Max Born in the born interpretation
what is the born interpretation
the square of the wavefunction is proportional to finding the electron in the small area - d tau
does the schrodinger equation treat electrons as waves or particles
waves
the solved schrodinger equation showing only certain energies are possible
En = hR/n^2
when R = me^4/8h^3 epsilon0^2
what is electron density
probability per unit volume of there being an electron
what do the symbols in the schrodinger equations mean
R is a constant me is the mass of an electron e is the charge of an electron h is the planck constant epsilon0 is the vacuum permmittivity, a constant n is the principle quantum number
what are the three symbols for quantum numbers
n l ml
what are the possible values for l when n = 3
0 1 and 2
what are the possible values of ml when l = 2
-2, -1, 0, 1, 2
what does n = 3 l = 0 ml = 0 orbit mean
3s orbit
how do you break down the spherical coordinates of psi
into just the radial part dependant on R and just the angular part dependant on theta and phi
what information does the radial wavefunction contain
distance from the nucleus
what information does the angular wavefunction contain
the shape of the orbit
what does the radial wavefunction/radial distance plot look like for a 1s orbital
starts high then ends touching y axis
what does the radial wavefunction/radial distance plot look like for a 2s orbital
starts high, crosses over y axis dips down a bit then touches y axis
what does the radial wavefunction/radial distance plot look like for a 2p orbital
starts at 0,0 then rises up then down to almost touch y axis
what does the radial wavefunction/radial distance plot look like for a 3s orbital
starts high then dips beow y axis then rises above it then touches y axis
what does the radial wavefunction/radial distance plot look like for a 3p orbital
starts at 0,0 then rises then goes down to cross y axis then rises to touch the axis
what does the radial wavefunction/radial distance plot look like for a 3d orbital
starts at 0,0 then rises then goes down to touch y axis
how many nodes does an s orbital have
n-1
how many nodes does an p orbital have
n-2 for r>0
how many nodes does a d orbital have
n-3 for r>0
how many nodes does a f orbital have
n-4 for r>0
how to turn a radial wavefunction/radial distance graph into a probability of the likelihood of an electron
square the radial wavefunction
what is the difference between a probability graph and a radial wavefunction graph
the probability graph makes positive all the negative values
why use a radial distribution function instead of a probability graph
its more useful to consider the probability of an electron being some distance from the nucleus rather than in a specific area
shape of 1s 2s and 3s orbitals
spherical 2s has one node and 3s has two nodes
shape of px py and pz orbitals
an hourglass with a node in the middle facing each of the axis
shape of the hydrgen 3d orbitals
dxy dyz dxz and dx^2-y^2 like a four leaf clover with nodal planes between the leaves
dz^2 is and hourglass with a ring around it with nodal cones around the top and bottom of the hourglass
