34.Poverty and Unemployment Flashcards
What is unemployment?
Unemployment refers to the condition of individuals who are actively seeking work but are unable to find suitable employment according to their expectations or the wages offered to them.
What is disguised unemployment?
Disguised unemployment is a type of unemployment where individuals appear to be employed but are actually unemployed. It is also known as hidden unemployment.
Where is disguised unemployment commonly observed?
Disguised unemployment is primarily observed in agriculture and informal jobs.
What is structural unemployment?
Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills possessed by the unemployed population and the job opportunities available in the market.
What is chronic unemployment?
Chronic unemployment refers to prolonged unemployment persisting in the economy over an extended period of time.
What was the focus of the First Five-Year Plan?
The First Five-Year Plan, launched in 1951, mainly focused on the development of the primary sector.
Which economic model was the First Five-Year Plan based on?
The First Five-Year Plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model.
What were the significant programs initiated during the First Five-Year Plan?
The Community Development Programme and the National Extension Services were significant programs started during the First Five-Year Plan.
How was the employment situation expected to be affected by the First Five-Year Plan?
It was expected that the First Five-Year Plan would have a positive impact on employment in rural areas due to the implementation of construction activities like irrigation projects and soil conservation.
Approximately how many employment opportunities were estimated to be generated during the first plan?
It is estimated that around 45 million employment opportunities were generated during the First Five-Year Plan.
What was the expected impact on employment generation during the Second Five-Year Plan?
The Second Five-Year Plan aimed to create large employment opportunities through the construction of public assets such as irrigation projects.
Was the government successful in achieving the targets set in the second five-year plan?
No, the government failed to achieve the targets set out under the second five-year plan.
How did the Indo-China war and Indo-Pakistan war affect the third five-year plan?
The Indo-China war in 1962 and the Indo-Pakistan war in 1965 disrupted the implementation of the third five-year plan and hindered the achievement of its targets.
What was the estimated increase in the labor force during the third plan?
The third plan estimated an increase of around 17 million in the labor force.
What did India do in 1966 instead of launching the fourth five-year plan?
In 1966, instead of launching the fourth five-year plan, India took a three-year break (1966-1969) and focused on the Green Revolution to address the food crisis and ensure food security.
What was the main strategy of the Fourth Five-Year Plan?
The Fourth Five-Year Plan focused on a direct attack on poverty and unemployment instead of relying solely on the “trickle-down” effects of growth.
Which program was initiated during the Fourth Five-Year Plan to address unemployment in drought-affected districts?
The rural works program was initiated in selected areas in 54 drought-affected districts.
What area development programs were started during the Fifth Five-Year Plan?
The area development programs initiated during the Fifth Five-Year Plan included the Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA), Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Laborers (WAL), etc.
What was the estimated increase in the labor force during the Fifth Five-Year Plan?
The Fifth Five-Year Plan estimated an increase of 65 million in the labor force, which was more than 3% times the level of employment in the entire organized sector.
What was the aim of the Fifth Five-Year Plan regarding unemployment and poverty?
The Fifth Five-Year Plan aimed to address unemployment and poverty together and aimed at raising the consumption levels of the lowest 30 percent of the population.
Which program was finalized during the Fifth Five-Year Plan to address drought-prone areas?
The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) was finalized during the Fifth Five-Year Plan, which covered various activities such as cattle development, sheep husbandry, dairying, etc.
