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Physics > 3.4 Materials > Flashcards

3.4 Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

Tensile force

A

A force produces an extension of the object.

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2
Q

Compressive force

A

A force that reduces the length of an object

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3
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Force is proportional to extension so long as the elastic limit is not exceeded.

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4
Q

Elastic deformation

A

When an object will return to its original shape when the load is removed.

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5
Q

Plastic deformation

A

A permanent change in shape that remains once the load is removed

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6
Q

What is k in F = kx

A

The force constant

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7
Q

What are the units of force constant (k)

A

Nm^-1

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8
Q

What is represented by the area under a force- extension graph?

A

The work done by stretching the object

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9
Q

What is meant by an elastic material?

A

A material which can be significantly deformed and will return to it’s original shape

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10
Q

Tensile stress

A

The force applied per unit cross sectional area.

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11
Q

Tensile strain

A

The fractional change in length of an object

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12
Q

What is a ductile material

A

A material which can be drawn into a wire of hammered into thin sheets

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13
Q

What is the limit of proportionality in a material?

A

The point at which a material stops obeying Hooke’s Law

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14
Q

What is the elastic limit of a material?

A

The point at which a material starts to plastically deform

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15
Q

What is the yield point of a material?

A

The point at which the material starts to extend rapidly as stress increases

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16
Q

What is the ultimate tensile strength of a material?

A

The maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking

17
Q

What is the breaking strength of a material?

A

The stress at the point of fracture

18
Q

What is a strong material?

A

One with a high ultimate tensile strength

19
Q

What are the units of Young Modulus?

A

Pa OR Nm^−2

20
Q

When does the Young Modulus apply to a material?

A

When stress is proportional to strain OR when it is obeying Hooke’s law

21
Q

How do you find the Young Modulus from a stress- strain graph?

A

The gradient of the initial straight line region.

22
Q

What material property does Young Modulus measure?

A

The stiffness

23
Q

What is a brittle material?

A

A material the show only elastic behaviour up to its breaking point, without plastically deforming.

24
Q

What is a polymeric material?

A

A material made from long chain molecules.

Physics (17 decks)

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