3.4 MASS TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS Flashcards
1
Q
path taken by red blood cell from kidneys to lungs
A
- into the renal vein
- from the vena cava insto the right atria
- from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
2
Q
how is water from tissue fluid returned to the circulatory system
A
- ions and water forces of of arteriole end of capillary
- plasma proteins remain in the capillary
- this lowers the water potential of the blood in the capillary
- water moves via osmosis back into the blood
- water returns to blood via the lymphatic system
3
Q
explain how an arteriole can reduce the blood flow into capillaries
A
- muscle contracts
- constricts the arteriole lumen
4
Q
describe the advantage of the Bohr effect in intense excercise
A
- haemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen
- for aerobic respiration at the tissues
5
Q
safety precautions during a dissection
A
- using the scalpel, cut away from youself and your body
- wear gloves
- use sharp scalpels and scissors
- disenfect the bench and equipment
- cover any cuts
- ensure safe disposal
6
Q
explain how the atrioventricular valve maintains a unidirectional flow of blood
A
- opens when pressure above/in the atrium is higher than below/in the ventricle
- closes when the pressure below/in the ventricle is greater than above/in the atrium
7
Q
explain why binding of one molecule of oxygen to haemoglobin makes it easier for a second oxygen molecule to bind
A
- changes the tertiary/quarternary protein structure
- uncovers another binding site / uncovers another Fe/iron/haem group
8
Q
explain the role of the heart in the formation of tissue fluid
A
- contraction of ventricles causes blood to move at a high pressure
- which forces water out of the capillaries
9
Q
explain the sigmoidal shape in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve
A
- first oxygen binds
- allows more oxygen to bind / allows co-operative binding
