34. Ischemic and nephrotoxic tubulonephrosis. Chronic copper toxicosis in sheep.

Question 1

Is kidney sensitive to ischaemia?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

causes of ischaemic tubulonephrosis

Answer 2

• decrease in perfusion
• damage to basal membrane

Question 3

why is regeneration not good in case of basal membrane damage?

Answer 3

normally cells regenerate from basement membrane

Question 4

causes of a decrease in perfusion

Answer 4

• decrease circulating volume
• decrease systolic volume (cardiac failure)
• altered systemic or renal vessel wall resistance (anaphylaxis)
• increase of blood viscosity

Question 5

why can regeneration is usually possible in case of toxic tubulonephrosis

Answer 5

basal membrane is usually intact

Question 6

regressive changes of toxic tubulonephrosis

Answer 6

• loss of brush border
• hazy swelling, vacualor deganeration
• apoptosis or necrosis

Question 7

toxic tubulonephrosis due to clostridium perfigens toxins

Answer 7

Pulpy kidney disease (PKD)

Question 8

which part of kidney is most & least resistant?

Answer 8

glomerules are more resistant
tubules are more susceptible to damage

Question 9

conditions for a regeneration in kidney?

Answer 9

• basal membrane is intact
• enough intact cells
• pathogen is removed

Question 10

how long does a complete regeneration of tubules take?

Answer 10

21-56 days

Question 11

predisposing factor of cooper toxicosis

Answer 11

stress

Question 12

what happens in copper toxicosis

Answer 12

• released in circulation from hepatocytes
• hemolysis
• hemoglobin nephrosis
• hypoxia
• regressive changes of tubular epith

Question 13

organs suffering in copper toxicosis

Answer 13

• liver
• spleen
• kidney (dark gunmetal color)

all swollen

Question 14

which is causative agent of pulpy kidney disease

Answer 14

Clostridium perfingens D

Question 15

where can we find the highest conc of toxins in kidney

Answer 15

glomerulus