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British Studies > 3.4: Identity & Attitudes > Flashcards

3.4: Identity & Attitudes Flashcards

1
Q

National Identity

A

Difficult to define. It is connected to
other concepts, such as ethnicity, nationality and nationalism.
* It means something different to everyone.

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2
Q

Name of the English flag (England only)

A

St. George’s cross.
White background, red plus in the middle.

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3
Q

Name of the Scottish Flag (+ year of joining the English cross)

A

Blue background, white >< .
St. Andrew’s cross, joined the English flag (St. George’s cross) in 1606, forming the Union Jack of 1606.

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4
Q

Name of the Irish flag and date of joining

A

Irish flag: white background, red >< cross.
St. Patrick’s cross.
Joined the union jack in 1801, making the Union Jack of 1801.

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5
Q

Name of the dragon on Wales’ flag

A

The dragon of Cadwallader.

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6
Q

How to fly the Union Jack (complete?

A

The broader (wider) diagonal white
stripe should be at the top on the side of the flag nearest the flagpole

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7
Q

Name of the patronsaints per British country

A

St. David - Wales
St. Patrick - Ireland
St. George - England
St. Andrew - Scotland

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8
Q

Patron saints of Britain days 2025

A

1st March - Wales; St. David
17th of March - Northern Ireland; St. Patrick
23rd if April -

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9
Q

What knowledge about the Home Nations is important?

A
  • Union
  • Parliament
  • National symbols. (flags, sterotypes, patron saints)
  • Things/events associated with each nation
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10
Q

Home Nations of the UK, in Sports

A
  • In some sports NI and Ireland are combined (e.g. Irish Rugby Union)
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11
Q

Scotland; Landmarks

A
  • Highlands and Lowlands (georgrpahic areas)
  • Loch Ness
  • Edinburgh Castle
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12
Q

Scotland; Union

A
  • Remember James I (of England)/James VI (of Scotland) -> 1603; personal union
  • Treaty of Union 1707: Great Britain
  • Monarch at the time: Queen Anne (sister of Mary II who had married William III of Orange)
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13
Q

Scotland; Parliament

A

Devolution - transfer of power and funding from national to local government
First session of the Scottish Parliament, 1999

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14
Q

Devolution (in the UK)

A

Transfer of power and funding from national to local government
Examples:
- Scottish Parliament
- Senedd Cymru/Welsh Parliament
- Northern Ireland Assembly

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15
Q

Devolution of Powers: 1999 examples of matters

A

Reserved matters: Currency, external trade, quarantine. navigation, treason.

Devolved matters: Agriculture, foresty, rural development, economic devolopment, education/training, health services, hosuing, transport.

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16
Q

Scottish Independence

A

2014: Scottish Independence Referendum
–> 55% said NO to the prospect of Scottish independence
Brexit 2016: 62% of Scots voted ‘Remain’
** Corona: fluctuating support for independence.
November 22: Britain’s Supreme Court ruling →
Scotland cannot organize a referendum without Westminster’s permission
Result: increase in support for independence (poll: 49% yes, 45% no)
* September ’24: 56% no, 44% yes

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17
Q

Scotland: Religion and Culture

A

Religion: Church of Scotland (Presbyterian church) –> Jesus being King and Head of the Church

Culture: Distinctive dialect. Kilt, haggid, blue colour, thistle, tartan kilt

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18
Q

A few facts about Scotland

A
  • Over 90% of residents live in less than 5% of country’s area
  • national animal = unicorn
  • Golf was invented in Scotland
  • Highest population of red-haired people int he world is in Scotland: 13%.
    40% carry recessive redhead gene.
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19
Q

Wales; Union

A

Annexation of Wales: Dates back to 1267.
Prince of Welsh Kingdom of Gwynedd.
- Edward I: Conquest of Wales.
- Statute of Wales: 1284, annexed and united witht he English crown.

20
Q

Wales: Parliament

A

Welsh Parliament: Senedd Cymru.
1998: Government of Wales Act -> National Assembly for Wales.
- Initially could not propose their own laws, only amend Westminster legislation.
2017: Wales Act -> move to a reserved powers model of devolution (similar to Scotland)
2020: the Welsh Assembly is renamed to “Senedd Cymru” (“the Welsh Parliament”)
–> Bilingual institution

21
Q

Wales: Devolved matters

A

Include: health, education, economic development, transport, the environment, agriculture, local government and some taxes

22
Q

Wales: Culture

A
  • Welsh language (Cymraeg)
  • Colour red and the Welh dragon (Caswallader)
  • Doffodil/leek
    Known for: Sheep, coal mines, boy choirs
23
Q

Northern Ireland: A few facts

A
  • Giant’s Causeway: basalt columns along (6 km) of the northern coast of Northern Ireland.
  • Titanic ship built in Belfast
24
Q

Northern Ireland: Union

A

Note: Ireland as a WHOLE was never colonised
1169: (Anglo-)Norman conquest of Ireland by King Henry II
1542-2800: Personal Union: King Henry VIII
Assimilation of Ireland (17th century)
-> James I
-> Plantation of Ulster
-> Bringing in English and Scottish protestants
-> Catholics now second-rate citizens

25
The Plantation of Ulster
Date: Earky 1600s (officially began in 1609) - Colonisation of Ulster by English and Scottish protestant settlers, to control rebellious Irish & secure English rule - Manner: Confiscation of land from Irish Catholic landowners , given to loyal Protestant settlers. Result: Major demographic & cultural shift in Ulster
26
Plantation of Ulster: Effects on Irish society
Catholics vs. Protestants Economic and political power held by settlers. Cultural tension: Language, religion, and traditions clashed. Long-term: Contributed to centuries of conflict; including the Troubles (TIMELINE)
27
Northern Ireland: Important historical events
1845: Great Famine (Irish potato famine) - During Victoria's reign 1916: Easter Rising - Start of Irish revolutionary period 1921: Anglo-English treaty - Irish Free State _ Northern Ireland 1948: Republic of Ireland Act
28
Northern Ireland: The Troubles
1960s to 1998 - Violent sectarian conflict British – Irish – Northern Irish - Unionist (loyalists/protestant) vs Nationalist (republicans/catholic) - Protestant vs Catholic - More than 3,500 casualties, mostly civilians. - 1998: Good Friday Agreement
29
What is the Good Friday Agreement?
What: Peace agreement to end The Troubles in Northern Ireland When: Signed on April 10, 1998 (Good Friday) Key Points: - Power-sharing government between Unionists (mainly Protestant) and Nationalists (mainly Catholic) - Devolved government in Northern Ireland - Recognition of both British and Irish identities - Republic of Ireland dropped its territorial claim to the North - Paramilitary disarmament and release of some prisoners Impact: Reduced violence, increased cooperation, but tensions still remain
30
Bloody Sunday
14 peaceful protesters were shot and killed by British Soldiers in Derry, NI. (1972)
31
Northern Ireland: Polarised society
* Education * Housing – peace walls (brick and steel “peace walls,” some of which stood 45 feet (14 metres) high, segregating loyalist and republican enclaves, most famously the Falls Road Catholic community and the Shankill Protestant community of Belfas) * Employment * Lack of intermarriage
32
Northern ireland: Symbols
- Shamrock - Red Hand of Ulster: In the flag - Saint Patrick's Day - The Harp - National Colour: Green
32
What is the greatest identity crises for UK people?
The British/English identity crisis - Flag differs per country - National anthem: * British: God Save the King * English: Land of Hope and Glory
33
England: Symbols
* The Rose * Colour white * Double-decker buses * Afternoon tea / High Tea
34
UK: Stereotypes per country
* The Irish: Great talkers, friendly but also short-tempered * The Scottish: Careful with money, proud and witty * The Welsh: Great singers, very patriotic * The English: Talk about the weather, drink tea, art of the understatement
35
English: Stereotype
- Toughness and tenacity, like the bulldog - Stiff upper lip (quiet dignity and prudishness) - Understating things they really want to say - Love of sports and competition
36
The English & Conservatism
* Traditions (monarchy, education, political system) * Driving on the left side * Adapting to Central European Time * Financial year starts on April 6th * The pound
37
The North/South dividein the UK. Biggest differences.
Wealth, health, house prices, education
38
Stereotypes of the North and the South of the UK
North: Poor, tough, warm-hearted/friendly, ignorant, uncultured/uncivilised South: Rich, hypocritical, privileged, unfriendly/snobby, soft, well-educated
39
Special Occasions in the UK
* Halloween (31 October) * Guy Fawkes Night (5 November) * Boxing Day (26 December) * Remembrance Sunday (2nd Sunday of November) * Armistice Day (11 November)
40
Broader perspective: Britain
= Multicultural, with many influences from all around the world.
41
The Commonwealth of Nations
* A voluntary association of 56 independent and equal countries working together for prosperity, democracy, and peace. * Most of them former colonies of Britain
42
Modern immigration in the UK
43
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British Studies (7 decks)

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