3.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the nuclear envelope?
Double membrane that surround the nucleus
What is the nuclear envelope?
Double membrane that surround the nucleus
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
Controls entry & exit of materials and reactions within
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Allows the passage of large molecules out the nucleus
What is the nucleoplasm?
Jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus
What do chromosomes consist of?
Protein-bound, linear DNA
What are the functions of the nucleus?
- Acts as the control centre through the production of mRNA and tRNA
- Retains the genetic material of the cell
- Manufacte
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
Controls entry & exit of materials and reactions within
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Allows the passage of large molecules out the nucleus
What is the nucleoplasm?
Jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus
What do chromosomes consist of?
Protein-bound, linear DNA
What are the functions of the nucleus?
- Acts as the control centre through the production of mRNA and tRNA
- Retains the genetic material of the cell
- Manufacters rRNA & ribosomes
What does the mitochondrion look like?
Rod-shaped, 1-10 micrometres in length
What structures are the mitochondrion made of?
Double membrane, cristae & matrix
What are cristae?
Extensions of the inner membrane
What does the matrix contain?
Protein, lipids, ribosomes & DNA
What are the function of chloroplasts?
Carry out photosynthesis
What are the main features of chloroplasts?
Chloroplast envelope, grana & stroma
The grana are stacks of many disc-like structures called?
Thylakoids
Where is chrolophyll found?
Inside the thylakoids
How do the thylakoids make the structure of the chloroplasts adapted to their function?
- Large SA for attachment of chlorophyll
-
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
3D network of membranes through which proteins and other molecules move
What are the two types of ER?
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What are the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- Large SA for protein synthesis
- Pathway for transport of proteins
What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesises, stores and transports lipids & carbohydrates
What is the difference between the RER and SER?
RER has ribosomes present on membrane outer surface, SER doesn’t. SER more tubular
What does the golgi apparatus consist of?
Cisternae
What are the functions of the golgi appartus?
- Forms glycoproteins
- Produces secretory enzymes
- Secretes carbohydrates
- Stores, modifies & transports lipids
- Forms lysosomes
What are the functions of lysosomes?
- Hydrolyses material ingested by phagocytic cells
- Exocytosis
- Digests worn out organelles
- Breaks down cells once died (autolysis)
