3.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 1

Double membrane that surround the nucleus

Question 2

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 2

Double membrane that surround the nucleus

Question 3

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

Controls entry & exit of materials and reactions within

Question 4

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Answer 4

Allows the passage of large molecules out the nucleus

Question 5

What is the nucleoplasm?

Answer 5

Jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus

Question 6

What do chromosomes consist of?

Answer 6

Protein-bound, linear DNA

Question 7

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 7

• Acts as the control centre through the production of mRNA and tRNA
• Retains the genetic material of the cell
• Manufacte

Question 8

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 8

Controls entry & exit of materials and reactions within

Question 9

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Answer 9

Allows the passage of large molecules out the nucleus

Question 10

What is the nucleoplasm?

Answer 10

Jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus

Question 11

What do chromosomes consist of?

Answer 11

Protein-bound, linear DNA

Question 12

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 12

• Acts as the control centre through the production of mRNA and tRNA
• Retains the genetic material of the cell
• Manufacters rRNA & ribosomes

Question 13

What does the mitochondrion look like?

Answer 13

Rod-shaped, 1-10 micrometres in length

Question 14

What structures are the mitochondrion made of?

Answer 14

Double membrane, cristae & matrix

Question 15

What are cristae?

Answer 15

Extensions of the inner membrane

Question 16

What does the matrix contain?

Answer 16

Protein, lipids, ribosomes & DNA

Question 17

What are the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 17

Carry out photosynthesis

Question 18

What are the main features of chloroplasts?

Answer 18

Chloroplast envelope, grana & stroma

Question 19

The grana are stacks of many disc-like structures called?

Answer 19

Thylakoids

Question 20

Where is chrolophyll found?

Answer 20

Inside the thylakoids

Question 21

How do the thylakoids make the structure of the chloroplasts adapted to their function?

Answer 21

• Large SA for attachment of chlorophyll

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Question 22

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 22

3D network of membranes through which proteins and other molecules move

Question 23

What are the two types of ER?

Answer 23

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum

- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

What are the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 24

• Large SA for protein synthesis

- Pathway for transport of proteins

Question 25

What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

Synthesises, stores and transports lipids & carbohydrates

Question 26

What is the difference between the RER and SER?

Answer 26

RER has ribosomes present on membrane outer surface, SER doesn't. SER more tubular

Question 27

What does the golgi apparatus consist of?

Answer 27

Cisternae

Question 28

What are the functions of the golgi appartus?

Answer 28

- Forms glycoproteins - Produces secretory enzymes - Secretes carbohydrates - Stores, modifies & transports lipids - Forms lysosomes

Question 29

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 29

- Hydrolyses material ingested by phagocytic cells - Exocytosis - Digests worn out organelles - Breaks down cells once died (autolysis)