3.4 brain and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

what is the longitudinal fissure?

A

separates the two hemispheres of the brain

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2
Q

what connects the two hemispheres?

A

the corpus callosum –> thick fibers

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3
Q

what are the 6 structures in the forebrain?

A

cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, pituitary gland and the limbic system

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4
Q

function of the cerebral cortex?

A

reasoning, language, memory, thought, emotion and consciousness

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5
Q

what is the frontal lobe associated with?

A

reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language

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6
Q

what structures are in the frontal lobe, what are their functions?

A

motor cortex - planning and movement coordination
prefrontal cortex- high level cognitive function
brocas area- language production

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7
Q

what is the parietal lobe associated with?

A

processing information from the body’s senses

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8
Q

what structures are in the parietal lobe, what are their functions?

A

somatosensory cortex - touch, temp and pain

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9
Q

what is the temporal lobe associated with?

A

hearing, memory, emotion

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10
Q

what is the temporal lobe associated with?

A

hearing, memory, emotion

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11
Q

what structures are in the temporal lobe, what are their functions?

A

auditory cortex- processing auditory info
Wernicke’s area- speech comprehension

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12
Q

what are the functions of the thalamus?

A

thalamus - all our sense are sent to the thalamus before going to the brain

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13
Q

limbic system is responsible for…

A

processing emotion and memory

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14
Q

what structures are in the limbic system?

A

hypothalamus- regulates homeostasis processes.
hippocampus- learning and memory
amygdala- emotion
cingulate gyrus- attention
olfactory lobe- sense of smell

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15
Q

midbrain structures

A

-reticular formation: sleep wake cycle
-substania nigra
-VTA
both responsible for the release of dopamine

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16
Q

the tectum separates into

A

visual: superior colliculus
auditory: inferior colliculus

17
Q

Hindbrain structures

A

medulla- automatic processes (breathing and blood pressure)
pons- connect hindbrain to the rest of the brain
cerebellum: controls balance, coordination, movement and motor skills

18
Q

types of glial cells:

A

oligodendrocyte: creates membrane from myelin
astrocyte: increase O2 and nutrients, modify blood cells
microglia: brains immune system, engulf dead neurons
ependymal cell

19
Q

somatic nervous system does what?

A

transmits sensation from our bodies, produces movement.

20
Q

autonomic nervous system separates into

A

parasympathetic: involved in calming
sympathetic: involved in arousal

regulates our internal factors in response to change

21
Q

is the somatic nervous system conscious or non-conscious movements?

A

conscious

22
Q

sensory neurons move…

A

towards the CNS, they are afferent

23
Q

sensory input vs motor input

A

sensory- dorsal root
motor- ventral root

24
Q

central sulcus does what

A

separates frontal lobe from parietal