3.4 brain and spinal cord Flashcards
what is the longitudinal fissure?
separates the two hemispheres of the brain
what connects the two hemispheres?
the corpus callosum –> thick fibers
what are the 6 structures in the forebrain?
cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, pituitary gland and the limbic system
function of the cerebral cortex?
reasoning, language, memory, thought, emotion and consciousness
what is the frontal lobe associated with?
reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language
what structures are in the frontal lobe, what are their functions?
motor cortex - planning and movement coordination
prefrontal cortex- high level cognitive function
brocas area- language production
what is the parietal lobe associated with?
processing information from the body’s senses
what structures are in the parietal lobe, what are their functions?
somatosensory cortex - touch, temp and pain
what is the temporal lobe associated with?
hearing, memory, emotion
what is the temporal lobe associated with?
hearing, memory, emotion
what structures are in the temporal lobe, what are their functions?
auditory cortex- processing auditory info
Wernicke’s area- speech comprehension
what are the functions of the thalamus?
thalamus - all our sense are sent to the thalamus before going to the brain
limbic system is responsible for…
processing emotion and memory
what structures are in the limbic system?
hypothalamus- regulates homeostasis processes.
hippocampus- learning and memory
amygdala- emotion
cingulate gyrus- attention
olfactory lobe- sense of smell
midbrain structures
-reticular formation: sleep wake cycle
-substania nigra
-VTA
both responsible for the release of dopamine
the tectum separates into
visual: superior colliculus
auditory: inferior colliculus
Hindbrain structures
medulla- automatic processes (breathing and blood pressure)
pons- connect hindbrain to the rest of the brain
cerebellum: controls balance, coordination, movement and motor skills
types of glial cells:
oligodendrocyte: creates membrane from myelin
astrocyte: increase O2 and nutrients, modify blood cells
microglia: brains immune system, engulf dead neurons
ependymal cell
somatic nervous system does what?
transmits sensation from our bodies, produces movement.
autonomic nervous system separates into
parasympathetic: involved in calming
sympathetic: involved in arousal
regulates our internal factors in response to change
is the somatic nervous system conscious or non-conscious movements?
conscious
sensory neurons move…
towards the CNS, they are afferent
sensory input vs motor input
sensory- dorsal root
motor- ventral root
central sulcus does what
separates frontal lobe from parietal
