34

Question 1

Heart on right side of chest

Apex points medially or to the left

Answer 1

Dextroposition

Question 2

Causes heart to dilate secondary to regurgitation and also affects cardiac functions

Answer 2

Cardiomyopathy

Question 3

Necrosis and destruction of myocardial cells and inflammatory infiltrate

Answer 3

Myocarditis

Question 4

Abnormal collection of fluid surrounding the epicardial layer of heart

Answer 4

Pericardial effusion

Question 5

Provides communication between atriums

Answer 5

Atrial septum

Question 6

Most common

Occurs in area of foramen ovalis

Answer 6

Secundum ASD

Question 7

How is ostium primum septal defect best seen?

Answer 7

4 chamber view

Question 8

Most common congenital lesion of heart

Makes up 30% of structural heart defects

Answer 8

VSD

Question 9

Heart in right chest

Apex pointed to right of thorax

Answer 9

Dextrocardia

Question 10

Endocardial cushion fails to fuse in center of heart

Answer 10

ASD

Question 11

Single undivided free floating leaflet stretching across both ventricles

Answer 11

Complete ASD

Question 12

The inflow portion of the right ventricle has failed to form

Answer 12

Tricuspid atresia stenosis

Question 13

Malformation of tricuspid valve

Sono findings – inf displacement of tricuspid valve and enlarged right atrium

Answer 13

Ebstein’s Anomaly of the tricuspid valve

Question 14

Sono findings of a hypoplastic right heart

Answer 14

Small right ventricle

Question 15

Most common form of cyanotic heart disease in infants and children

Answer 15

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 16

What prognosis does tetralogy of Fallot have?

Answer 16

Good prognosis with surgical intervention

Question 17

Most common RVOT obstruction

Answer 17

Pulmonary Stenosis

Question 18

A parachute deformity of the valve demonstrated in the second variety

Answer 18

Congenital mitral stenosis

Question 19

Occurs when the leaflet is deformed and unable to close properly allowing blood to leak from left ventricle into left atrium during systole

Answer 19

Mitral regurgitation

Question 20

Abnormal thickening and closure of aortic leaflets
Causes left ventricle to balloon
May lead to heart failure or death

Answer 20

Aortic Stenosis

Question 21

When a membrane covers the LVOT

Answer 21

Subvalvular aortic stenosis

Question 22

Aorta is connected to right ventricle and pulmonary artery is connected to left ventricle

Answer 22

Transposition of great arteries

Question 23

Congenital heart lesion in which only one great artery arises from the base of the heart

Answer 23

Truncus arteriosis

Question 24

Discrete or long segment narrowing in the aortic arch
Usually at level of subclavian
Near the insertion of ductus arteriosis

Answer 24

Coarctation of aorta

Question 25

Most common benign cardiac tumor
Associated with tuberous sclerosis
Associated with abnormalities of fetal head and kidneys

Answer 25

Rhabdomyoma

Question 26

Congenital anomaly

3 chamber heart

Answer 26

Single ventricle

Question 27

In a single ventricle, the one ventricle receives both the…

Answer 27

Mitral and tricuspid valve

Question 28

Fetal cardiac arrhythmia caused by extra systole and ectopic beats

Answer 28

Premature atrial and ventricular contractions

Question 29

300- 400 bpm with normal ventricular rate

Answer 29

Atrial flutter

Question 30

> 400 bpm and a ventricular rate of 120-200 bpm

Answer 30

Atrial fibrillation

Question 31

What are the sonographic findings of Ebstein’s Anomaly

Answer 31

Inferior displacement of tricuspid valve and enlarged right atrium