34 Flashcards
Heart on right side of chest
Apex points medially or to the left
Dextroposition
Causes heart to dilate secondary to regurgitation and also affects cardiac functions
Cardiomyopathy
Necrosis and destruction of myocardial cells and inflammatory infiltrate
Myocarditis
Abnormal collection of fluid surrounding the epicardial layer of heart
Pericardial effusion
Provides communication between atriums
Atrial septum
Most common
Occurs in area of foramen ovalis
Secundum ASD
How is ostium primum septal defect best seen?
4 chamber view
Most common congenital lesion of heart
Makes up 30% of structural heart defects
VSD
Heart in right chest
Apex pointed to right of thorax
Dextrocardia
Endocardial cushion fails to fuse in center of heart
ASD
Single undivided free floating leaflet stretching across both ventricles
Complete ASD
The inflow portion of the right ventricle has failed to form
Tricuspid atresia stenosis
Malformation of tricuspid valve
Sono findings – inf displacement of tricuspid valve and enlarged right atrium
Ebstein’s Anomaly of the tricuspid valve
Sono findings of a hypoplastic right heart
Small right ventricle
Most common form of cyanotic heart disease in infants and children
Tetralogy of Fallot
What prognosis does tetralogy of Fallot have?
Good prognosis with surgical intervention
Most common RVOT obstruction
Pulmonary Stenosis
A parachute deformity of the valve demonstrated in the second variety
Congenital mitral stenosis
Occurs when the leaflet is deformed and unable to close properly allowing blood to leak from left ventricle into left atrium during systole
Mitral regurgitation
Abnormal thickening and closure of aortic leaflets
Causes left ventricle to balloon
May lead to heart failure or death
Aortic Stenosis
When a membrane covers the LVOT
Subvalvular aortic stenosis
Aorta is connected to right ventricle and pulmonary artery is connected to left ventricle
Transposition of great arteries
Congenital heart lesion in which only one great artery arises from the base of the heart
Truncus arteriosis
Discrete or long segment narrowing in the aortic arch
Usually at level of subclavian
Near the insertion of ductus arteriosis
Coarctation of aorta
Most common benign cardiac tumor
Associated with tuberous sclerosis
Associated with abnormalities of fetal head and kidneys
Rhabdomyoma
Congenital anomaly
3 chamber heart
Single ventricle
In a single ventricle, the one ventricle receives both the…
Mitral and tricuspid valve
Fetal cardiac arrhythmia caused by extra systole and ectopic beats
Premature atrial and ventricular contractions
300- 400 bpm with normal ventricular rate
Atrial flutter
> 400 bpm and a ventricular rate of 120-200 bpm
Atrial fibrillation
What are the sonographic findings of Ebstein’s Anomaly
Inferior displacement of tricuspid valve and enlarged right atrium
