3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define empirical formula.
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
Define molecular formula.
Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule
Define displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
Define structural formula
Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
Define skeletal formula
Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each carbon atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H
Give the suffixes for:
a) No double bonds
b) At least one double bond
c) An alcohol
d) An aldehyde
e) A ketone
f) A carboxylic acid
a) No double bonds -ane
b) Double bond(s) -ene
c) An alcohol -ol
d) An aldehyde -al
e) A ketone -one
f) A carboxylic acid -oic acid
Give the prefixes for:
a) CH₃ group
b) C₂H₅ group
c) C₃H₇ group
d) C₄H₉ group
e) Cl group
f) Br group
g) I group
a) CH₃ group methyl-
b) C₂H₅ group ethyl-
c) C₃H₇ group propyl-
d) C₄H₉ group butyl-
e) Cl group chloro-
f) Br group bromo-
g) I group iodo-
Define structural isomerism.
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What is positional isomerism?
Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place.
What is functional group isomerism?
Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms.
What is chain isomerism?
Hydrocarbon chain organised differently (e.g. branched chains).
Define stereoisomerism
When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space.
What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?
- E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds
- If the two substituents with the highest atomic number are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer
- If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer
