3.3.1 introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
what are the types of formula?
molecular
empirical
general
structural
displayed
skeletal
define molecular formula
the actual number for each element in a compound
define empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
define general formula
a type of empirical formula that can be applied to all members in the same group of compounds
define structural formula
shows how the atoms are arranged in the molecule
define displayed formula
shows all the atoms and all the bonds in the molecule
define skeletal formula
this represents a hydrocarbon chain as a solid line
atoms other than these elements and the bonds to them are shown
what is a homologous series?
a series of compounds with the same general formula, the same functional group and therefore similar chemical properties
define structural isomer
molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms
what are the 3 types of structural isomer?
chain
position
functional group
what is a chain isomer?
different arrangement of carbon atoms in the longest chain
what is a position isomer?
the position of the functional group is different on the same carbon chain
what is a functional group isomer?
molecules that have different functional groups so are part of a different homologous series
how does branching affect the physical and chemical properties of molecules?
still part of the same homologous series so chemical properties are similar
physical properties may differ - fewer points of contact so fewer van der waals and lower melting and boiling point
define stereoisomerism
molecules with the same structural formula but a different 3D spatial arrangement of atoms
what gives rise to E/Z isomerism?
restricted rotation around the double bond
