3.3.1 Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is molecular formula

Answer 1

The actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 2

What is structural formula

Answer 2

Shows how various atoms are bonded
(Overall term has the subcategories like displayed etc)

Question 3

What is displayed formula

Answer 3

Draw out all the atoms and bonds
Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

Question 4

What is empirical formula

Answer 4

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 5

What is homologous series

Answer 5

Family of compounds with the same functional group, general formula and similar chemical properties

Question 6

Skeletal formula

Answer 6

Carbon and hydrogen are draw as lines. The lines are the bonds between carbons.
Looks like a bunch of sticks

Question 7

Alkanes general formula

Answer 7

C2 H2n+2

Question 8

Alkenes general formula

Answer 8

Cn H2n

Question 9

What does a functional group determine

Answer 9

The physical and chemical properties of molecules

Question 10

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 10

Contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 11

What are the 3 types of structural isomerism

Answer 11

Chain
Positional
Functional

Question 12

What is a chain isomer

Answer 12

Have the same functional group but different arrangements of carbon skeleton
(Same molecular formula but branched in different ways carefully it’s not just rotated)

Question 13

What is a positional isomer

Answer 13

The different positions of the function group on the carbon skeleton
( look out for rotations should have different names)

Question 14

What is functional group isomersims

Answer 14

When different functional groups result in the same molecular formula

Question 15

Functional group aldehydes + hows it written + suffix

Answer 15

R-CHO
(C=O AT THE END ONLY)
….al

Question 16

Function group ketones + how it’s written + suffix

Answer 16

R-CO-R
C=O ANYWHERE EXCEPT END
….one

Question 17

Function group carboxylic acid + how it’s written + suffix

Answer 17

R-COOH
C=O
/
OH
….oic acid

Question 18

Priority when naming between alkyl groups Alkenes and Halogens

Answer 18

Lowest
Halogens
Alkyl groups
Alkenes
Functional group
Highest

Question 19

What is suffix if both ketones and Alkene

Answer 19

…enone
Instead of anone

Question 20

Together is E or Z isomer

Answer 20

TogetheZZZER
Z

Question 21

Opposite is E or Z isomer

Answer 21

OppositeEEEE
E

Question 22

Function group amines + how it’s written + suffix

Answer 22

NH2
…amine

Question 23

Function group nitriles+ how it’s written + suffix

Answer 23

C=— N (triple bond)
Nitrile
CN

Question 24

Stereoisomers definition

Answer 24

Molecules with the same molecular formula and structure but different arrangements of atoms in space

Question 25

General formula what is it

Answer 25

When there is a pattern to the structure E.g. alkanes is Cn H2n

Question 26

E-Z isomers are what type of isomers and why do they occur

Answer 26

Form of stereoisomers
Occurs as a result of restricted rotation of carbon-carbon double bond

Question 27

How to remember z isomer

Answer 27

Zuzamman
German for together

Question 28

When calculating priority for e z isomers how is this determined

Answer 28

By ATOMIC NUMBER
the bottom number