3.3.1 Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is molecular formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
What is structural formula
Shows how various atoms are bonded
(Overall term has the subcategories like displayed etc)
What is displayed formula
Draw out all the atoms and bonds
Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them
What is empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
What is homologous series
Family of compounds with the same functional group, general formula and similar chemical properties
Skeletal formula
Carbon and hydrogen are draw as lines. The lines are the bonds between carbons.
Looks like a bunch of sticks
Alkanes general formula
C2 H2n+2
Alkenes general formula
Cn H2n
What does a functional group determine
The physical and chemical properties of molecules
What is a hydrocarbon
Contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only
What are the 3 types of structural isomerism
Chain
Positional
Functional
What is a chain isomer
Have the same functional group but different arrangements of carbon skeleton
(Same molecular formula but branched in different ways carefully it’s not just rotated)
What is a positional isomer
The different positions of the function group on the carbon skeleton
( look out for rotations should have different names)
What is functional group isomersims
When different functional groups result in the same molecular formula
Functional group aldehydes + hows it written + suffix
R-CHO
(C=O AT THE END ONLY)
….al
Function group ketones + how it’s written + suffix
R-CO-R
C=O ANYWHERE EXCEPT END
….one
Function group carboxylic acid + how it’s written + suffix
R-COOH
C=O
/
OH
….oic acid
Priority when naming between alkyl groups Alkenes and Halogens
Lowest
Halogens
Alkyl groups
Alkenes
Functional group
Highest
What is suffix if both ketones and Alkene
…enone
Instead of anone
Together is E or Z isomer
TogetheZZZER
Z
Opposite is E or Z isomer
OppositeEEEE
E
Function group amines + how it’s written + suffix
NH2
…amine
Function group nitriles+ how it’s written + suffix
C=— N (triple bond)
Nitrile
CN
Stereoisomers definition
Molecules with the same molecular formula and structure but different arrangements of atoms in space
General formula what is it
When there is a pattern to the structure E.g. alkanes is Cn H2n
E-Z isomers are what type of isomers and why do they occur
Form of stereoisomers
Occurs as a result of restricted rotation of carbon-carbon double bond
How to remember z isomer
Zuzamman
German for together
When calculating priority for e z isomers how is this determined
By ATOMIC NUMBER
the bottom number
