3.3 Social And Economic Issues Assosiated With Urbanisation

Question 1

For what reasons does economic inequality occur in close prolixity?

Answer 1

Housing type/value varies with a small area so different social groups occupy the area
Housing changes over time (large houses turned to flats; run down areas gentrified)
New migrants start on low wages and so ethnic groups cluster in multicultural areas that persist for generations

Question 2

What 7 indicators measure multiple deprivation?

Answer 2

Income
Employment
Health
Education
Crime
Barriers to housing and services
Living environment

Question 3

What leads to social segregation?

Answer 3

Deindustrialisation leading to employment

Ethnicity due to a unique language or beliefs that limit interaction

Question 4

What is a ghetto?

Answer 4

An area of a city dominated by an ethnic minority

Question 5

Define social segregation.

Answer 5

The spatial concentration of the wealthy and the poor

Question 6

Give some “self-segregation” reasons for ethnic segregation in cities.

Answer 6

Migrants seek support/security of living near friends and relatives within an ethnic minority community
Specialist facilities (place of worship, food shops etc)
Protection against racial abuse and attacks from majority population
Maintainance of culture, language and traditions

Question 7

What external factors could lead to ethnic segregation in cities?

Answer 7

Traditionally migrants are used for cheap labour which forces them to cheap housing
Ethnic minorities have been discriminated against in access to local authority housing
Hostility from majority population
Movement of the majority population out of an area into which minority populations have moved (white flight)

Question 8

What is cultural diversity?

Answer 8

Existent if a variety of cultural or thing groups within a society
Common in urban areas as they are were most immigrants first settle due to job prospects

Question 9

What is a Diaspora?

Answer 9

Large group of people with a similar homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world
eg British people moving to Australia

Question 10

What strategies can be used to manage social and economic issues associated with urbanisation?

Answer 10

Enforce a living wage
Legislation on anti-racism and employment rights
Training for low-skilled residents
Multicultural policy to celebrate cultural diversity
Provide affordable housing
School holiday patterns to cater for different cultural groups
Improve public transport access so low-income residents can get to work
Minimum environmental standards to improve health