33 Rest And Sleep Flashcards
RAS & BSR
Reticular Activating System- states of alertness and reflexes
Bulbar Synchronizing Region
Circadian Rhythym
24hour sleep cycle
Exposure to light at night
Night shift chronodisruption
Non-rapid eye movement
REM
NREM
Rapid Eye Movement
EEG
EOG
EMG
Electroencephalograph (brain)
Electrooculogram (eyes)
Electromyograph (muscles)
NREM sleep has 4 stages
Stages 1 and 2 are light sleep stages taking up 50% of sleep time
Stages 3 and 4 are deep sleep stages termed DELTA SLEEP
Arousal threshold greatest in stage 4
Is it more difficult to arouse a person in NREM sleep or REM sleep?
It’s more difficult in REM
REM sleep
Consumes ~25% of sleeping time. Dreaming occurs in REM
REM rebound occurs if people have not gotten REM sleep in previous nights they’ll have more in following nights
When does most delta sleep occur
How many sleep cycles are there?
At the beginning of the sleep cycle
About 4 sleep cycles depending on age
2 hormones involved in the sleep-weight link
Leptin-signals the brain to stop eating
Ghrelin-signals the brain to eat
Sleeping deprivation decreases leptin and increases ghrelin
Dyssomnias
Sleep disorderscharacterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness
Parasomnias
Patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep
Insomnia is more likely to occur
In people >60
Women after menopause
People with depression
Can also occur in periods of stress
Chronic insomnia is associated with
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disorders (depression), CVD (HF, HTN, MI)
Misuse of caffeine and alcohol
One great method for dealing with insomnia
CBT
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
If that doesn’t work then pharmacological aids
Melatonin OTC IS NOT AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY
Causes of hypersomnia
Sleep apnea Drug or alcohol abuse Head trauma or other CNS injury Effect of certain meds Depression Obesity Medical conditions
Narcolepsy
Uncontrollable desire to sleep “sleep attacks”
Cataplexy
Hypnagogic hallucinations (nightmares)
Sleep-onset REM periods- directly to REM
Sleep paralysis: skeletal paralysis that occurs from transition from wakefulness to sleepiness
CAUSED BY LOW HYPOCRETIN LEVELS
Ritalin may be used to control so may modafinil, and oxybate
Sleep apnea
Apnea during sleep. O2 levels drop and sympathetic NS takes over and awakens the patient
Restless Leg Syndrome
Common sleep disorder that affects 15 m% of population.
Occurs in patients with: End Stage Renal Disease, diabetes, iron deficiency, peripheral neuropathy and pregnancy
Eliminate caffeine, tobacco and alcohol
Mild analgesic at HOS
Apply heat and cold
Using relaxation techniques
Sleep deprivation
< in amount, consistency or quality of sleep
Parasomnias
Somnambulism: sleepwalking
1) REM behavior Disorder: moaning and thrashing in the bed
2) sleep terrors: sit up but are still sleeping
3) Bruxism: teeth grinding
Enuresis: bedwetting
1)Sleep related eating disorder