33 Rest And Sleep

Question 1

RAS & BSR

Answer 1

Reticular Activating System- states of alertness and reflexes

Bulbar Synchronizing Region

Question 2

Circadian Rhythym

Answer 2

24hour sleep cycle

Question 3

Exposure to light at night

Answer 3

Night shift chronodisruption

Question 4

Non-rapid eye movement

REM

Answer 4

NREM

Rapid Eye Movement

Question 5

EEG

EOG

EMG

Answer 5

Electroencephalograph (brain)

Electrooculogram (eyes)

Electromyograph (muscles)

Question 6

NREM sleep has 4 stages

Answer 6

Stages 1 and 2 are light sleep stages taking up 50% of sleep time

Stages 3 and 4 are deep sleep stages termed DELTA SLEEP

Arousal threshold greatest in stage 4

Question 7

Is it more difficult to arouse a person in NREM sleep or REM sleep?

Answer 7

It’s more difficult in REM

Question 8

REM sleep

Answer 8

Consumes ~25% of sleeping time. Dreaming occurs in REM

REM rebound occurs if people have not gotten REM sleep in previous nights they’ll have more in following nights

Question 9

When does most delta sleep occur

How many sleep cycles are there?

Answer 9

At the beginning of the sleep cycle

About 4 sleep cycles depending on age

Question 10

2 hormones involved in the sleep-weight link

Answer 10

Leptin-signals the brain to stop eating
Ghrelin-signals the brain to eat

Sleeping deprivation decreases leptin and increases ghrelin

Question 11

Dyssomnias

Answer 11

Sleep disorderscharacterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness

Question 12

Parasomnias

Answer 12

Patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep

Question 13

Insomnia is more likely to occur

Answer 13

In people >60
Women after menopause
People with depression

Can also occur in periods of stress

Question 14

Chronic insomnia is associated with

Answer 14

Obesity, type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disorders (depression), CVD (HF, HTN, MI)

Misuse of caffeine and alcohol

Question 15

One great method for dealing with insomnia

Answer 15

CBT
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

If that doesn’t work then pharmacological aids

Melatonin OTC IS NOT AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY

Question 16

Causes of hypersomnia

Answer 16

Sleep apnea
Drug or alcohol abuse
Head trauma or other CNS injury
Effect of certain meds
Depression
Obesity
Medical conditions

Question 17

Narcolepsy

Answer 17

Uncontrollable desire to sleep “sleep attacks”
Cataplexy
Hypnagogic hallucinations (nightmares)
Sleep-onset REM periods- directly to REM
Sleep paralysis: skeletal paralysis that occurs from transition from wakefulness to sleepiness

CAUSED BY LOW HYPOCRETIN LEVELS
Ritalin may be used to control so may modafinil, and oxybate

Question 18

Sleep apnea

Answer 18

Apnea during sleep. O2 levels drop and sympathetic NS takes over and awakens the patient

Question 19

Restless Leg Syndrome

Answer 19

Common sleep disorder that affects 15 m% of population.

Occurs in patients with: End Stage Renal Disease, diabetes, iron deficiency, peripheral neuropathy and pregnancy

Eliminate caffeine, tobacco and alcohol
Mild analgesic at HOS
Apply heat and cold
Using relaxation techniques

Question 20

Sleep deprivation

Answer 20

< in amount, consistency or quality of sleep

Question 21

Parasomnias

Answer 21

Somnambulism: sleepwalking

1) REM behavior Disorder: moaning and thrashing in the bed
2) sleep terrors: sit up but are still sleeping
3) Bruxism: teeth grinding

Enuresis: bedwetting
1)Sleep related eating disorder