3.3 nutrition

Question 1

what is the estimate of BMR for a normal, unstressed patient?

Answer 1

25 kcal/kg/day

Question 2

how many kcal/g is fat?

Answer 2

9 kcal/g

Question 3

how many kcal/g are carbs?

Answer 3

3.4 kcal/g

Question 4

how many kcal/g is protein?

Answer 4

4 kcal/g

Question 5

what are essential amino acids needed for in the body?

Answer 5

inflammatory mediators (PGs, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes)

Question 6

what is the ideal non-protein calories/grams nitrogen ratio?

Answer 6

150:1

Question 7

what are the daily protein needs of a patient?

Answer 7

0.8 g/kg

Question 8

what percentage of total kcals should fat be?

Answer 8

30-40%

Question 9

what is the main fuel source for the heart?

Answer 9

FAs/phospholipids

Question 10

what is the main fuel source for the brain?

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

what % solution is dextrose usually?

Answer 11

70%

Question 12

what % solution are phospholipids usually?

Answer 12

20%

Question 13

what % solution are proteins/AAs usually?

Answer 13

15%

Question 14

what is the normal urine output for everyone?

Answer 14

0.5-1 cc/kg/hour

Question 15

how do you calculate fluid requirements?

Answer 15

100 cc/kg for 1st 10 kg +
50cc/kg for next 10kg +
20cc/kg for the remaining kgs

Question 16

what is the calculation for a fluid bolus?

Answer 16

20cc/kg of body weight

Question 17

what are the most common deficiencies?

Answer 17

protein, iron, B12, folate, thaimine (B1)

Question 18

what are the most common deficiencies in gastric bypass?

Answer 18

B12, iron, fat soluble vitamins, thiamine (b1)

Question 19

what is the estimated BMR for someone with severe metabolic stress? moderate?

Answer 19

35 kcal/kg/day

30 kcal/kg/day

Question 20

what is the calorie count for most enteral formulas?

Answer 20

1 kcal/cc

Question 21

what is the respiratory quotient formula?

Answer 21

RQ= CO2 eliminated/O2 consumed

Question 22

what is the RQ for carbs?

Answer 22

1 (will make CO2 worse in people retaining CO2)

Question 23

what is the RQ for protein?

Answer 23

0.8-0.9

Question 24

what is the RQ for fat?

Answer 24

0.7

Question 25

what the RQ for ketones, eucaloric?

Answer 25

0.73

Question 26

what is the RQ for ketones, hypocaloric?

Answer 26

0.6

Question 27

how do you measure nutritional success?

Answer 27

pre-albumin
transferrin
retinol-binding protein

Question 28

what is the primary fuel source during starvation

Answer 28

protein

Question 29

6.25 g of protein contains about 1 g of N?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

what is the preferred fuel for the SI?

Answer 30

glutamine