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Geography- Miss Barlow > 3.3. Global Commons > Flashcards

3.3. Global Commons Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of global governance?

A

Countries of the world coming together to set up institutions, laws, treaties, rules and norms on how to tackle issues that are common to all countries and cannot be dealt with by any one particular country.

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2
Q

What is global governance?

A
  • Refers to ways in which global affairs affect the whole world
  • In international relations, generally decisions are made by individual state governments
  • Co-operation is negotiated between countries.
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3
Q

What are norms?

A
  • Shared ideas about how countries and people should act.
  • Standards of what is and what isn’t acceptable in society.
  • They guide behaviour, even when no formal law exists.
  • e.g. queueing, stealing
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4
Q

What are laws?

A
  • Official agreements between countries that everyone has to follow.
  • Make sure actions are fair and hold countries accountable.
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5
Q

What are institutions?

A
  • Groups of UN/WHO that help create, enforce and monitor these laws
  • Bring countries together to solve problems, provide guidance, and sometimes apply penalties
  • e.g. UN helps manage international cooperation on issues like climate change and peacekeeping
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6
Q

What do norms become?

A

Laws

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7
Q

What do laws become?

A

Institutions

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8
Q

What is the UN responsible for?

A
  • Marine exploitation + pollution
  • Youth
  • Gender equality
  • Climate change
  • Peace and security
  • Protect human rights
  • International development
  • Laws of sea
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9
Q

What is the WHO responsible for?

A
  • Forum for international trade
  • Set trade agreements
  • Supports needs of developing countries
  • Economic peace and stability
  • Standards of production
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10
Q

What is the ICJ responsible for?

A
  • Promotes peace
  • Settle legal disputes
  • Border control
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11
Q

What is the World Bank and IMF responsible for?

A
  • Long term economic development
  • Reduce poverty
  • Provide water and electricity
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12
Q

What affects the rise of global governance?

A
  • Globalisation -> world is shrinking + our lives in this country are not dissimilar to lives of others in other countries, brought countries of world closer through trade, migration + culture
  • Climate change and global warming-> temps are increased since Industrial Revolution, greenhouse gases release in atmosphere from human activity, warming effect on planet has knock on effect on climate
  • Terrorism -> increase global terrorism, more prominent sight of attacks across Europe in news, recruitment of terrorists, financing terrorist attacks etc = trans border issues
  • Environmental issues -> increased demand for resources = exploited more fragile environments
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13
Q

How is COVID-19 an example of a failure of global governance?

A
  • Vaccine companies = TNCs
  • Rich countries hoarded supplies of vaccines while world’s poorest countries were left behind
  • Trump cancelled US funding for WHO
  • UN and WHO have no power to force individual states to share vaccine supplies
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14
Q

How is the Paris Agreement an example of a failure of global governance?

A
  • 2023: temperature reached limit of 1.5 degrees Celsius
  • There are no punishments if countries don’t abide so easy to breach
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15
Q

What are global commons?

A

Aspects of the environment that benefits all, is not owned by any one group and will be protected by all of us.

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16
Q

What are global commons?

A
  • High seas
  • Atmosphere
  • Antarctica
  • Outer space
17
Q

What is the tragedy of the commons?

A

A phrase used to refer to the conflict for resources between individual interests and common good.

The decline of common stocks resources, such as ocean fish stocks, when the use exceeds the rate of natural replacement and regeneration.

18
Q

What are global governance issues in the atmosphere?

A
  • Atmospheric pollution
  • Climate Change
19
Q

How do global governance issues in the atmosphere affect lives of people across the globe?

A
  • Atmospheric pollution will increase respiratory diseases/ health problems -> decreased working productivity, decreased life expectancy
  • Extreme weather will destroy crops, leading to food shortages so food prices increase, droughts lead to less water available for people
  • Acid rain damages wildlife and infrastructure
  • Droughts ruin economic development
  • Kiribati -> people forced to move/ migration as homes are being submerged
  • UK cost of living crisis as food shortages
  • Climate change causes rising sea levels, destroying coastal homes
20
Q

What are global governance issues in the high seas?

A
  • Increased shipping
  • Ocean acidification
  • Maintaining suitable fish stocks
  • Plastic pollution
21
Q

How do global governance issues in the high seas affect the lives of people across the globe?

A
  • Shipping increases pollution which can increase sea levels so increase flooding, destroying homes
  • Plastic pollution = destruction of wildlife so less fishing can occur so less food
  • overfishing = less breeding = decreased fish population so food stock will run out and increase prices, affects diets, decrease health
  • Wildlife lacks food and eats plastic = we eat plastic = decrease health
22
Q

What are global governance issues in outer space?

A

Shared use and regulation of outer space drive technological progress, enabling satellite communications, weather forecasting and global connectivity.

23
Q

How do global governance issues in outer space affect lives of people across the globe?

A
  • No communication impacts business owners
  • Productivity slows down = number of people employed decreases
  • Monitor weather patterns to determine what can be grown and where -> monitors rainfall, snow etc, food security decreases
  • Failure due to mismanagement
24
Q

What issues of global governance are there in Antarctica?

A
  • Increases tourism
  • Fossil fuel exploration
  • Protection of whales
  • Climate Change
  • Resources (oil and gas)
  • Ice caps/ glacier melting
25
Q

How do global governance issues in Antarctica affect the lives of people across the globe?

A
  • More fossil fuels burned = increased carbon in atmosphere
  • Oil and gas is finite and we will run out so prices will increase
  • Melting ice sheets = increase global sea levels -> Maldives and Kiribati
  • Researching climate data -> predicting future data as without them, we can’t put mitigation strategies in place -> inequality between impact on people

Geography- Miss Barlow (35 decks)

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