3.3 First Aid Flashcards
Priorities of first aid
Preserve life
Alleviate suffering
Prevent situation from getting worse
Promote casualty recovery
Contents of a first aid box
Sterile dressing
Sling
Safety pins
Wipes
Disposable gloves
Pocket mask
Foil Blanket
etc
Hygiene procedures
Wear disposable gloves and apron
Wash hands before and after treatment
Dress any of your own cuts first
Don’t cough/sneeze on the wound
Difference between a sign and a symptom
A sign is what you can observe, a symptom is what the casualty tells you
What is a primary survey
Danger
Response
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Treatment for an unconscious casualty
Complete a primary survey and do CPR if necessary
Loosen clothes around neck, chest, waist
Recovery position
Record every 10 mins
Don’t give them food or drink
Signs and symptoms of heart attack
Dizziness, nausea
Tingling in left arm
Rapid, weak pulse
Pale grey skin
Coughing
Blue lips
Clutching chest
Collapse
Treatment for heart attack
Call 999/112
Half sitting position
Loosen clothing around neck and waist
Be prepared to perform CPR
Advise taking 300mg aspirin pill
Signs and symptoms of shock
Dizziness
Confused
Disoriented
Blue skin and lips
Weak, rapid pulse
Rapid, shallow breathing
Unconsciousness
Treatment for shock
Get casualty lying with legs up
Loosen clothing around breathing areas
Treat the cause of shock
Keep them warm
Don’t give food and drink
Call 999/112
Signs and symptoms for asthma attack
Breathing difficulties
Wheezing
Struggling to talk
Pale skin
Treatment for asthma attack
Reassure
Comfortable position
Ask if they have medication
Assist them in taking medication
Keep them warm
Call 999/112 if:
Unconscious, or lasts longer than normal
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis
Swollen tongue, lips, hands
Rashes
Difficulty breathing
Vomiting
Treatment for anaphylaxis
Ask them if they have an auto-injector
Call 999/112
Remove them from the source
Monitor casualty, be prepared to do CPR
Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation
Rapid, shallow breathing
Weak, rapid pulse
Panic
Dizziness
Treatment for hyperventilation
Remove casualty from source
Reassure them and encourage them to breathe slowly and deeply
Give slow sips of water
Be prepared to call 999/112
Purposes of dressings
Prevent severe blood loss
Prevent infection
Difference between a burn and a scald
Burn is dry, scald is wet
Treatments for burns and scalds
Pour cool running water over the burn for at least 10 mins
Don’t remove clothing from burn
Remove jewellery
Cover with a dressing
Signs and symptoms of electric shock
Two burns (entry and exit point)
Pain
Jolt
Unconsciousness
Treatment for electric shock
Isolate power source
Don’t touch the casualty with conductive things
Call 999/112
Complete primary survey
Treat for shock
If unconscious, recovery position
4 types of fracture
Open - penetrates skin
Closed - doesn’t penetrate skin
Complicated- injury to major blood vessels, lungs, nerves, etc
Greenstick - bent
Signs and symptoms of sprains and strains
Swelling
Bruising
Treatment for sprains and strains
Rest
Ice
Comfortable position
Elevation
Difference between a sprain and a strain
Sprain is ligaments, strain is muscles
Treatment for cramp
Help casualty stretch muscle
Encourage rest
Signs and symptoms of head injuries
Dizziness
Short term memory loss
Headache
Bleeding or depression in head
Treatment for head injury
Call 999/112
Encourage casualty to lie down, keep spine in line
Signs and symptoms of eye injuries
Itchy
Pain
Watering
Red
Inability to open eye
Treatment for eye injuries
If there is a foreign body in the eye, wash it out with sterile solution/tap water and pour away from eye.
If one eye won’t open, close other eye.
Arrange medical attention
Treatment for dental injuries
Place ice pack on cheek
Retrieve broken parts
Place tooth back in socket (or in milk if not possible
Seek immediate attention from dentist
Treatment for fainting
Primary survey
Treat for shock
Signs and symptoms of stroke
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Treatment for stroke
Call 999/112
Lie casualty down with head and shoulders raised
Reassure
Monitor
If unconscious, recovery position
Poisoning treatments
Move casualty to safe place
Remove cause
Do not induce vomiting
If unconscious, recovery position
Call 999/112
Be prepared to do CPR
Treatment for insect bites
Wipe bite away with a credit card
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia
Faintness
Confusion
Pale skin
Shallow breathing
Sweating
Treatment for hypoglycaemia
Give them a sugary drink
Be prepared to call 999/112 and perform CPR if necessary
Signs and symptoms of a seizure
Sudden collapse
Rolling eyes
Blue lips
Muscles clench and back arch
Treatment for seizures in water
Support casualty to keep face out of water
Allow limbs to move, but guide casualty away from any hazards
Once finished, remove from pool
Monitor breathing, usual steps
Treatment for seizures out of water
Remove objects which could cause harm
Protect head by putting pillow underneath
Loosen clothing around breathing areas
Time seizure
Monitor casualty, usual steps
When should you call 999/112 for seizures?
If it lasts longer than 5 mins
If there is a second seizure
If there has been a serious injury
If it is the casualty’s first every seizure
If the casualty doesn’t wake up for 10 mins afterwards
If the seizure if different to usual
What is a secondary survey?
Comprehensive check on everything.
Scan whole body
Check for bruising, bleeding, discolouration, etc
Ask questions
What three things should you do after an accident?
Clean up
Fill up
Write up
