3.3 Consequences

Question 1

Development gap?

Answer 1

the difference between the richest and the poorest at a national and regional level

Question 2

GNI per capita? But how could it be inaccurate?

Answer 2

taking a total source of income from goods and services for a country and dividing it by population size, however value is added by foreign owned businesses even though they may take money out

Question 3

HDI?

Answer 3

Ranks countries according to economic and social criteria

Question 4

What is the Gini Coefficent?

Answer 4

a measure of inequality between 0-100. The lower the GC, the more equally household income is distributed in a country

Question 5

2 winners of globalisation (inequality)?

Answer 5

The richest 1% have seen their share of global wealth greatly increase

Absolute poverty has fallen worldwide

Question 6

2 losers of globalisation (inequality)?

Answer 6

The gap has widened between those living in the richest and poorest countries

Subsistence farmers in sub-saharan Africa

Question 7

When did globalisation start to pose a threat to the environment?

Answer 7

1970

Question 8

2 environmental issues that are linked to globalisation

Answer 8

40% of the earths land surface and agricultural land has led to habitat loss and diversity decline

From Groundwater depletion to the removal of mangrove forests are impacts of globalisation

Question 9

4 causes of tensions due to globalisation?

Answer 9

Large immigrant populations due to diaspora
Open borders which facilitates these populations
TNCs bringing in highly skilled workers
Demands to limit immigration due to rising demand of services

Question 10

4 ways to control tensions due to globalisation?

Answer 10

Laws strengthened to limit numbers of legal migrants

Trade protectionism

Indigenous groups seek to retain their cultural identity e.g. First Nations in China

Limit access to online information e.g. China, North Korea

Question 11

Localism?

Answer 11

The idea that food and goods should be grown and made locally to support jobs and reduce transport

Question 12

3 things that may happen due to localism?

Answer 12

Increased costs of essential goods

The formation of NGOs to promote local sourcing e.g. Transition towns

Customers will refuse to buy supermarket products with high food miles

Question 13

3 ethical concerns of globalisation

Answer 13

Social cost of worker exploitation

Amount of packaging for products

The ecological footprint of a goods production and transport

Question 14

What does recycling require a lot of?

Answer 14

Energy and water

Question 15

Long term solution for recycling?

Answer 15

To ‘design out” waste altogether - designing products so they can be disassembled, reused and repurposed

Question 16

Ugly extremism?

Answer 16

When people have very extreme views which creates protests that are close to racism

Question 17

3 features of ugly extremism protests?

Answer 17

Protects traditions
Goes to far —> prosecution
Rise of right wing parties (believe the poor should work for the rich)

Question 18

5 tier migration system in the uk?

Answer 18

Tier 1= highly skilled workers
Tier 2= Skilled workers with job offers to fill gaps in labour force
Tier 3= Low skill workers needed to fill temporary labour shortages
Tier 4= Students
Tier 5= Temporary work/youth mobility

Question 19

Great firewall of china?

Answer 19

See internet as a threat

Government has blocked facebook, google, youtube, bbc news etc

2 million Chinese police
and can be arrested with no trial if caught

However income has increased by 3000% so people support it

Question 20

What is the great cannon?

Answer 20

the Chinese police intercept a file, then corrupt it and send it back to the person

Question 21

Example of protecting cultures in Congo?

Answer 21

In 2009, Canada but exploiting a mine in Congo worth over $500 million however Congo now have to have over 50% control over their mines so Canada had to handover 65% back to them

Question 22

Ecological footprint?

Answer 22

Total amount of area needed to support your life

Question 23

Water footprint?

Answer 23

How much space you need for the water you need including embedded water

Question 24

3 costs of local sourcing?

Answer 24

Can be very expensive

Less demand from UK to overseas producing countries

Larger carbon footprint that Spanish tomatoes due to tomatoes that are grown in the UK in greenhouses

Question 25

3 benefits of local sourcing?

Answer 25

Crops will grow fewer pesticides which could have health benefits

UK farmers can earn more

Can help individuals reduce carbon footprint

Question 26

What is transition towns motto?

Answer 26

“Incredible edible”

Question 27

4 features of the transition town?

Answer 27

Use public spaces to grow (even grow in graveyard)
All volunteers
People donate seeds, tubs, tools, time to help
No actual funding

Question 28

Ethical purchasing?

Answer 28

buying a product that is good for the environment/ people or the people who made it

Question 29

Fast fashion?

Answer 29

Cheap, not long lasting clothes - one season then bin it e.g. H&M, Primark

Question 30

Primark - social responsibility

Answer 30

Bangladesh factory that makes Primark clothes. Over 1000 dead from it collapsing on 24th April 2013, female workers

Question 31

What does fair trade do?

Answer 31

Acts as a middle man between producers and the purchasers to ensure then producers get a good price

Question 32

What is the growth rate of fair trade products?

Answer 32

exponential - doubles each year

Question 33

Difference of the retail value in the UK of fair trade commodities from 2002 and 2013?

Answer 33

2002= £63m
2013= £1.7bn

Question 34

how many fair trade products are there on sale worldwide?

Answer 34

Over 30,000

Question 35

Supply chain monitoring?

Answer 35

When the company monitors their factories that they use to ensure workers are being treated fairly

Question 36

Example of supply chain monitoring?

Answer 36

Apple investigated its touchscreen supplier Lianjian technology, who’s workers were poisoned by a chemical cleaning agent

Question 37

Example of NGO action?

Answer 37

A charity helped South African fruit pickers : they flew a woman back to a Tesco shareholder meeting in London and she explained there was no female toilet at her farm

Question 38

Drawback of supply chain monitoring?

Answer 38

hard to monitor the conditions of all the suppliers all the time

Question 39

Drawback of NGO action?

Answer 39

they may have limited money

Question 40

Drawback of fairtrade?

Answer 40

not all shoppers will pay more for it

Question 41

What is Agenda 21?

Answer 41

Focus is on sustainable cities
A 5p bag was introduced on all bags in the hope to influence the behaviour of the shopper. Consumers can reuse the bags they already have

They said for each city to come up with their own plan to be sustainable

Question 42

Circular economy?

Answer 42

A system where materials never become waste, so if something breaks, fix it. Everything is reused and when the product becomes obsolete, find another use for it then finally recycle

e.g. clothes-repair-textiles for sofas-Carpets-cleaning cloths

Question 43

Trade protectionism?

Answer 43

Adding tariffs, quotas or subsidies

Question 44

What is a tariff and why is it used?

Answer 44

taxes imposed by one country on goods imported from another country. Donald Trump will use it to make Chinese goods more expensive (60% tax), meaning China will limit the quantities of goods that they export to the USA and also it makes Chinese goods more expensive, therefore it helps American products become more popular as people don’t want to pay more money for Chinese products

Question 45

What is a Quota?

Answer 45

when a country only allows a certain amount of goods to be imported into the country e.g. USA to China

Question 46

Why does the US use subsidies?

Answer 46

So that American businesses can get more money to then use to sell try and more products, which will Make America Great Again