3.3 Consequences Flashcards
Development gap?
the difference between the richest and the poorest at a national and regional level
GNI per capita? But how could it be inaccurate?
taking a total source of income from goods and services for a country and dividing it by population size, however value is added by foreign owned businesses even though they may take money out
HDI?
Ranks countries according to economic and social criteria
What is the Gini Coefficent?
a measure of inequality between 0-100. The lower the GC, the more equally household income is distributed in a country
2 winners of globalisation (inequality)?
The richest 1% have seen their share of global wealth greatly increase
Absolute poverty has fallen worldwide
2 losers of globalisation (inequality)?
The gap has widened between those living in the richest and poorest countries
Subsistence farmers in sub-saharan Africa
When did globalisation start to pose a threat to the environment?
1970
2 environmental issues that are linked to globalisation
40% of the earths land surface and agricultural land has led to habitat loss and diversity decline
From Groundwater depletion to the removal of mangrove forests are impacts of globalisation
4 causes of tensions due to globalisation?
Large immigrant populations due to diaspora
Open borders which facilitates these populations
TNCs bringing in highly skilled workers
Demands to limit immigration due to rising demand of services
4 ways to control tensions due to globalisation?
Laws strengthened to limit numbers of legal migrants
Trade protectionism
Indigenous groups seek to retain their cultural identity e.g. First Nations in China
Limit access to online information e.g. China, North Korea
Localism?
The idea that food and goods should be grown and made locally to support jobs and reduce transport
3 things that may happen due to localism?
Increased costs of essential goods
The formation of NGOs to promote local sourcing e.g. Transition towns
Customers will refuse to buy supermarket products with high food miles
3 ethical concerns of globalisation
Social cost of worker exploitation
Amount of packaging for products
The ecological footprint of a goods production and transport
What does recycling require a lot of?
Energy and water
Long term solution for recycling?
To ‘design out” waste altogether - designing products so they can be disassembled, reused and repurposed
Ugly extremism?
When people have very extreme views which creates protests that are close to racism
3 features of ugly extremism protests?
Protects traditions
Goes to far —> prosecution
Rise of right wing parties (believe the poor should work for the rich)
5 tier migration system in the uk?
Tier 1= highly skilled workers
Tier 2= Skilled workers with job offers to fill gaps in labour force
Tier 3= Low skill workers needed to fill temporary labour shortages
Tier 4= Students
Tier 5= Temporary work/youth mobility
Great firewall of china?
See internet as a threat
Government has blocked facebook, google, youtube, bbc news etc
2 million Chinese police
and can be arrested with no trial if caught
However income has increased by 3000% so people support it
What is the great cannon?
the Chinese police intercept a file, then corrupt it and send it back to the person
Example of protecting cultures in Congo?
In 2009, Canada were exploiting a mine in Congo worth over $500 million however Congo now have to have over 50% control over their mines so Canada had to handover 65% back to them
Ecological footprint?
Total amount of area needed to support your life
Water footprint?
How much space you need for the water you need including embedded water
3 costs of local sourcing?
Can be very expensive
Less demand from UK to overseas producing countries
Larger carbon footprint that Spanish tomatoes due to tomatoes that are grown in the UK in greenhouses
3 benefits of local sourcing?
Crops will grow fewer pesticides which could have health benefits
UK farmers can earn more
Can help individuals reduce carbon footprint
What is transition towns motto?
“Incredible edible”
4 features of the transition town?
Use public spaces to grow (even grow in graveyard)
All volunteers
People donate seeds, tubs, tools, time to help
No actual funding
Ethical purchasing?
buying a product that is good for the environment/ people or the people who made it
Fast fashion?
Cheap, not long lasting clothes - one season then bin it e.g. H&M, Primark
Primark - social responsibility
Bangladesh factory that makes Primark clothes. Over 1000 dead from it collapsing on 24th April 2013, female workers
What does fair trade do?
Acts as a middle man between producers and the purchasers to ensure then producers get a good price
What is the growth rate of fair trade products?
exponential - doubles each year
Difference of the retail value in the UK of fair trade commodities from 2002 and 2013?
2002= £63m
2013= £1.7bn
how many fair trade products are there on sale worldwide?
Over 30,000
Supply chain monitoring?
When the company monitors their factories that they use to ensure workers are being treated fairly
Example of supply chain monitoring?
Apple investigated its touchscreen supplier Lianjian technology, who’s workers were poisoned by a chemical cleaning agent
Example of NGO action?
A charity helped South African fruit pickers : they flew a woman back to a Tesco shareholder meeting in London and she explained there was no female toilet at her farm
Drawback of supply chain monitoring?
hard to monitor the conditions of all the suppliers all the time
Drawback of NGO action?
they may have limited money
Drawback of fairtrade?
not all shoppers will pay more for it
What is Agenda 21?
Focus is on sustainable cities
A 5p bag was introduced on all bags in the hope to influence the behaviour of the shopper. Consumers can reuse the bags they already have
They said for each city to come up with their own plan to be sustainable
Circular economy?
A system where materials never become waste, so if something breaks, fix it. Everything is reused and when the product becomes obsolete, find another use for it then finally recycle
e.g. clothes-repair-textiles for sofas-Carpets-cleaning cloths
Trade protectionism?
Adding tariffs, quotas or subsidies
What is a tariff and why is it used?
taxes imposed by one country on goods imported from another country. Donald Trump will use it to make Chinese goods more expensive (60% tax), meaning China will limit the quantities of goods that they export to the USA and also it makes Chinese goods more expensive, therefore it helps American products become more popular as people don’t want to pay more money for Chinese products
What is a Quota?
when a country only allows a certain amount of goods to be imported into the country e.g. USA to China
Why does the US use subsidies?
So that American businesses can get more money to then use to sell try and more products, which will Make America Great Again
